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Haemorrhoids
What are haemorrhoids?
Haemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lining of the lower part of the rectum and anus. They are caused by an increase in pressure within the rectum and anus such as during pregnancy, due to pressure of the enlarged uterus, and straining due to constipation.
This causes the swollen veins to become permanently dilated, swollen and inflamed. Haemorrhoids can be internal within the lining of the lower rectum and anal canal, or external, which surround the anus. Internal haemorrhoids are made up of blood vessels, supporting connective tissue and smooth muscle. They are usually pain free but can cause bleeding and may also become prolapsed when protrude into the anal canal and can cause problems. External haemorrhoids may also bleed if they become thrombosed, which is when there is bleeding within the haemorrhoid and the blood clots. External haemorrhoids may cause itching due to irritation of the surrounding skin, but this may also be due to rectal or anal fissures, which are small tears or cuts in the anal or rectal canal through which stools are passed. Muscle spasm is also a symptom of haemorrhoids, which can be painful.
Treatment for haemorrhoids
Treatments for haemorrhoids are available as an ointment applied to the anal area or as a suppository that is inserted into the rectum. Haemorrhoid treatments usually combine a corticosteroid anti-inflammatory, like fluocortolone or hydrocortisone, with a local anaesthetic, like cinchocaine, to treat the inflammation and pain associated with haemorrhoids. The corticosteroid inhibits the formation of inflammatory chemicals like interleukins that stimulate the formation of other inflammatory chemicals like prostaglandins. This reduces pain and swelling, associated with inflammation. The anaesthetic component acts locally to reduce pain, discomfort and itching.
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Mouth Ulcers
What is a mouth ulcer?
A mouth ulcer is also known as a canker sore or aphthous stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth). A mouth ulcer begins as a lesion or break in the mucous membrane on the lining of the cheeks, lips or throat. It then forms a small shallow crater with a rim and can be painful, affecting eating and drinking. Mouth ulcers can heal themselves in time but often recur and can be caused as a result of injury or irritation to the inside of the mouth or tongue; when vulnerable such as at times of stress or hormonal changes; after eating certain foods or due to a nutritional deficiency, such as vitamin B12, folic acid or iron.
Treatment for mouth ulcers
Although mouth ulcers usually heal themselves within two weeks, there are medications available to relieve symptoms. The corticosteroid triamcinolone is available in a topical dental paste that can be applied directly to the mouth ulcer to help reduce pain and inflammation.
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Prinivil 5mg
Prinivil general information
What is Prinivil used for?
Prinivil tablets 5mg are used to treat essential hypertension, which is high blood pressure when at rest, by lowering blood pressure to normal resting levels. This reduces risk of stroke, heart attack and kidney disease. Prinivil tablets 5mg are also used to treat congestive heart failure, by helping weakened heart muscles pump more efficiently and reduce feelings of breathlessness on exertion. If used within 24 hours of a heart attack, Prinivil tablets 5mg, when combined with other heart medications, improve survival by helping to prevent development of left ventricular dysfunction which is when the left ventricle of the heart does not pump effectively and usually leads to heart failure. Prinivil tablets 5mg can be used alone as monotherapy or with other antihypertensive medicines, including diuretics, which help get rid of excess water that is retained in body tissues and can cause swelling (oedema).
How does Prinivil work?
Prinivil tablets 5mg contain lisinopril, an antihypertensive medication that belongs to a group of drugs called ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitors. Lisinopril in Prinivil tablets 5mg prevents the formation of angiotensin II, a hormone that has several actions involved in regulating blood pressure, which is the force needed to pump blood around the body. Angiotensin II causes salt and water retention by the kidneys, and causes blood vessels to constrict or narrow (vasoconstriction); this increases blood volume while at the same time reducing blood vessel volume, which increases blood pressure. Lisinopril in Prinivil tablets 5mg inhibits the conversion of angiotensin II from angiotensin I, which allows blood vessels to relax and widen (vasodilation), reducing the force needed by the heart to pump blood around the body, reducing its workload and lowering blood pressure
What does Prinivil contain?
Prinivil 5mg tablets contain the active ingredient lisinopril, an ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitor that is used to treat hypertension and heart failure. They also contain mannitol, calcium phosphate, mannitol, magnesium stearate, and starch
Treating high blood pressure with Prinivil
Prinivil tablets 5mg contain lisinopril, an ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), which is high blood pressure when at rest. Lisinopril in Prinivil tablets 5mg works by preventing the formation of angiotensin II, a chemical that causes vasoconstriction (constriction and narrowing of blood vessels), allowing relaxation and widening of blood vessels and this lowers resting blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure helps the heart to cope better and reduces symptoms of breathlessness on exertion. You may also be prescribed a diuretic to help get rid of excess water that is retained in your tissues and can cause swelling (oedema), as a result of high blood pressure. By reducing your blood pressure, Prinivil tablets 5mg also reduces risk of stroke, heart attack and kidney disease.
Prinivil for treating congestive heart failure
Prinivil tablets 5mg contain lisinopril, an ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitor, used to treat congestive heart failure, which is when the heart muscles are weakened and cannot pump with sufficient force to supply blood to all parts of the body. Lisinopril in tablets Prinivil 5mg works by preventing the formation of angiotensin II, a chemical that causes vasoconstriction (constriction and narrowing of blood vessels), thereby allowing relaxation and widening of blood vessels and this reduces the force needed for the heart to pump blood around the body. This helps weakened heart muscle to work more efficiently and reduces symptoms of breathlessness on exertion. You may also be prescribed a diuretic to help get rid of excess water that is retained in your body tissues that can cause swelling (oedema), as a result of congestive heart failure.
What are the side effects of Prinivil?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Prinivil tablets 5mg include: dizziness, headache, tiredness, persistent dry cough, altered taste, nausea, diarrhoea abdominal pain, skin rash. You may have low blood pressure, particularly if are also taking a diuretic, and this may make you feel faint.
When should Prinivil not be used?
You should not use Prinivil tablets 5mg if you:
- are allergic to lisinopril or any ingredients in Prinivil
- are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breast-feeding
- have hereditary and/or idiopathic angioedema (rapid swelling under the skin similar to hives) or angioedema associated with previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor
- have kidney or liver disease
- are taking potassium supplements or potassium-containing salt substitutes
- are taking other medications that interact with lisinopril, including: other antihypertensive medication, anti-inflammatories like diclofenac or ibuprofen, lithium for mood disturbances, some diabetes medication
How should Prinivil be taken?
You should take your Prinivil tablets 5mg with a glass of water once a day with or without food but at the same time each day. The dose that you take depends on what you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendation and may be increased. Prinivil tablets 5mg help improve your condition but do not cure it, therefore you should continue to take Prinivil 5mg for as long as your doctor recommends. Prinivil 5mg may take a few weeks to lower blood pressure and you should keep taking Prinivil even if you feel well, as often there are no symptoms for high blood pressure.
How long should you take Prinivil?
Prinivil tablets 5mg help improve your condition but do not cure it, therefore you should continue to take Prinivil for as long as your doctor recommends. Prinivil tablets 5mg may take a few weeks to lower blood pressure and you should keep taking Prinivil 5mg even if you feel well, as often there are no symptoms for high blood pressure.
Missed dose of Prinivil
If you miss a dose of Prinivil 5mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should Prinivil be stored?
You should store your Prinivil 5mg tablets in a cool dry place where the temperature stays below 25°C and keep away from direct sunlight.
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Inflammation
Inflammation of the eye
Inflammation of the eye can be caused by several factors, including bacterial and viral infection, chemical irritants, foreign body in the eye or an allergic reaction. The symptoms of inflammation of the eye include itching and burning, or the eyes and eyelids, watery discharge from the eye, a sensation of a foreign body in the eye, redness, swollen eyelids and blurred vision. These symptoms are caused by the production of chemicals such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes.by inflammatory cells at the site inflammation.
Steroid treatment
The corticosteroid prednisolone, a synthetic steroid with potent anti-inflammatory properties, is an effective treatment for steroid-responsive inflammation of the eye. Prednisolone should not be used for inflammation that is caused by an infection, since it weakens the immune system and can cause an infection to become more severe and symptoms may be masked.
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MAC Remedies
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