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Glyciphage 500mg (Metformin)
Glyciphage general information
What is Glyciphage used for?
Glyciphage tablets 500mg are an oral diabetes medication that is used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus (also called non insulin-dependent diabetes or maturity onset diabetes) who are unable to achieve adequate glycaemic control (normal blood sugar levels) with diet and exercise alone, which is a particular problem in overweight people. Glyciphage tablets 500mg can be used as first time treatment for newly diagnosed diabetics, or for patients who are not responding to an alternative medication, and can be used either alone or in combination with another oral antihyperglycaemic medication (lowers blood sugar). In some cases Glyciphage is used in conjunction with insulin in type 1 diabetes (also called insulin -dependent diabetes), where insulin alone is not enough to control blood sugar levels.
How does Glyciphage work?
Glyciphage tablets 500mg contain the active ingredient Metformin hydrochloride, which is an oral antihyperglycaemic medication belonging to the biguanide group of drugs. Metformin in Glyciphage tablets 500mg controls blood glucose (sugar) by lowering levels of glucose after a meal (posprandial) as well as keeping levels normal between meals (basal levels), by helping the body respond to insulin without increasing insulin production. Metformin in Glyciphage tablets 500mg works using three different mechanisms: decreasing glucose production in the liver, which is normally switched off when blood glucose levels are high enough; increasing sensitivity to insulin in fat and muscle tissue, where excess glucose is removed from the blood and stored; reducing absorption of glucose by the intestines form the diet. Maintaining glycaemic control with Glyciphage tablets 500mg reduces risk of serious health complications associated with diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina in the eye with loss of vision), diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage) and diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage).
What does Glyciphage contain?
Glyciphage tablets 500mg contain the active ingredient metformin, which is an oral antihyperglycaemic medication used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Treating type 2 diabetes with Glyciphage
Glyciphage tablets 500mg contain Metformin, which is an oral antihyperglycaemic medication that is used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus (also called non insulin-dependent diabetes or maturity onset diabetes) who are unable to achieve adequate glycaemic control (normal blood sugar levels) with diet and exercise alone, which is a particular problem in overweight people. Metformin in Glyciphage tablets 500mg lowers blood sugar after a meal (posprandial) as well as keeping levels normal between meals (basal levels), by helping the body respond to insulin without increasing insulin production, using three different mechanisms: decreasing glucose production in the liver, which is normally switched off when blood glucose levels are high enough; increasing sensitivity to insulin in fat and muscle tissue, where excess glucose is removed from the blood and stored; reducing absorption of glucose by the intestines form the diet. Maintaining glycaemic control with Glyciphage tablets 500mg reduces risk of serious health complications associated with diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina in the eye with loss of vision), diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage) and diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage).
What are the side effects of Glyciphage?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Glyciphage tablets 500mg include: gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, which are usually mild and resolve spontaneously during continued treatment; metallic taste in the mouth; and skin rash. A rare and potentially life threatening side effect is lactic acidosis (a build up of lactic acid in the blood) that can occur due to accumulation of metformin, particularly if you are taking high doses of metformin above 2000mg per day, have kidney problems, drink excessive amounts of alcohol, are elderly.
When should Glyciphage not be used?
You should not use Glyciphage if you:
- are allergic to metformin or any other biguanide or any ingredients in Glyciphage tablets 500mg
- are pregnant or are breastfeeding without discussion with your doctor
- have liver or kidney disease
- have a conditions affecting renal function, like dehydration, severe infection or shock
- have diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic precoma
- have acute or chronic disease which may cause tissue hypoxia such as heart failure, recent myocardial infarction, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, shock, acute significant blood loss, sepsis, gangrene, pancreatitis
- have a history of lactic acidosis
- have a problem with alcohol
- are taking medications that may interact with Glyciphage tablets 500mg including: cimetidine for reflux and ulcers, medications for high blood pressure and heart conditions like nifedipine, beta-blockers, diuretics, other diabetes medications like sulfonylureas and repaglinide, corticosteroids such as prednisone, cortisone, anticoagulants
- undergoing radiological treatment with intravascular iodinated contrast agents which may lead to renal failure, resulting in metformin accumulation and a risk of lactic acidosis
What medications interact with Glyciphage
Several medications interact with Glyciphage and should either not be taken while you are taking Glyciphage or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:
- Drugs that interact with Glyciphage to increase side effects: other diabetes medications like sulfonylureas and repaglinide, ACE inhibitors for high blood pressure, corticosteroids such as prednisone, cortisone
- Drugs that affect Glyciphage: cimetidine for reflux and ulcers, medications for high blood pressure and heart conditions like nifedipine, beta-blockers, diuretics , thyroid medicines
- Drugs that are affected by Glyciphage: anticoagulants
How should Glyciphage be taken?
You should take your Glyciphage tablets 500mg with a glass of water and with food. The dose you take and how often should be as recommended by your doctor. The usual starting dose is one tablet once, twice or 3 times daily during or immediately after a meal, to reduce stomach effects. You will have your blood sugar levels monitored and your dose may be adjusted after a few weeks, depending on how well your blood sugar levels are controlled. You should continue to take your Metformin tablets 500mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for long periods.
How long should you take Glyciphage?
You should continue to take your Glyciphage tablets 500mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for long periods.
Missed dose of Glyciphage
If you miss a dose of Glyciphage take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should Glyciphage be stored?
You should store your Glyciphage tablets 500mg below 25°C in a cool dry place out of direct sunlight.
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Cipflox (Ciprofloxacin 750mg)
Cipflox general information
What is Cipflox used for?
Cipflox tablets 750mg are an antibiotic medication used to treat uncomplicated and complicated bacterial infections in adults, caused by a wide range of susceptible bacteria in various parts of the body. Cipflox tablets 750mg are used to treat pneumonia (community acquired as outpatients), caused by various bacteria, but should not be the antibiotic of first choice for pneumonia caused by Pneumococcus. Cipflox tablets 750mg are also use to treat infections of the skin and soft tissue, such as impetigo and cellulitis; also of the bones and joints, which can be very painful; and infections of the abdominal cavity such as peritonitis. Cipflox tablets 750mg are also used to treat infections of the urogenital system, including adnexitis (infection and inflammation of the ovary and the fallopian tubes), prostatitis (infection and inflammation of the prostate), gonorrhoea, infections of the efferent urinary tract like cystitis and pyelonephritis (infection and inflammation of the kidney). Cipflox tablets 750mg are used to treat sepsis, which is a serious and life-threatening condition that occurs as a result of the body’s response to an infection. It is caused by chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection, which can result in damage to tissues and organs. Cipflox tablets 750mg may also be used after inhalation of anthrax spores, as post exposure prophylaxis to reduce risk of pulmonary disease. Cipflox tablets 750mg are also used to treat acute pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa; also complicated urinary tract infections or pyelonephritis due to E.coli in children over the age of 5 years.
How does Cipflox work?
Cipflox tablets 750mg contain the antibiotic ciprofloxacin that belongs to the fluoroquinolones group of antibiotics and is a synthetic broad spectrum antibiotic with antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria including, Klebsiella, Haemophilus, Enterobacter, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Legionella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Listeria and Chlamydia. Ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 750mg works by inhibiting several bacterial enzymes (bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase) needed for the bacteria to replicate and repair its DNA. This action of ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 750mg kills the bacteria by blocking its growth and preventing the spread of infection. Cipflox tablets 750mg do not work against viruses which use a different mechanism to grow and replicate.
What does Cipflox contain?
Cipflox tablets 750mg contain the active ingredient ciprofloxacin, a synthetic broad spectrum antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. They also contain microcrystalline cellulose, maize starch, pregelatinised maize starch, crospovidone, colloidal anhydrous silica, magnesium stearate, titanium dioxide, polydextrose, hypromellose, glycerol triacetate, macrogol.
Treating bacterial infection with Cipflox
Cipflox tablets 750mg contain ciprofloxacin a synthetic broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic that used to treat uncomplicated and complicated bacterial infections in adults, caused by a wide range of susceptible bacteria in various parts of the body. Infections that Cipflox tablets 750mg are suitable for include, pneumonia; infections of the skin, soft tissue bones and joints; infections of the urogenital system; infections of the abdominal cavity; sepsis and to reduce risk of pulmonary disease following inhalation of anthrax spores. Cipflox tablets 750mg are also used to treat acute pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis and complicated urinary tract infections in children over the age of 5 years. Ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 750mg works by inhibiting several bacterial enzymes needed for the bacteria to replicate and repair its DNA. This action of ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 750mg kills the bacteria by blocking its growth and preventing the spread of infection.
What are the side effects of Cipflox?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Cipflox tablets 750mg include diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, headache, altered taste, arthralgia (joint pain). Very rarely taking Cipflox tablets 750mg is associated with an increased risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture with increased risk if you are over the age of 60 years, taking systemic steroids or have received a kidney, heart or lung transplant.
When should Cipflox not be used?
You should not use Cipflox tablets 750mg if you:
- are allergic to ciprofloxacin or any ingredients in Cipflox
- are pregnant or are breastfeeding
- have kidney or liver disease
- history of tendon disease/disorder related to quinolone treatment
- have epilepsy or a history of convulsion
- have a history of stroke, heart attack or heart failure, without discussion with your doctor
- have myasthenia gravis
- are taking medicines that interact with Cipflox, including the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, anti-arrhythmics like amiodarone, tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptylene, macrolides antibiotics like azithromycin, clarithromycin, antipsychotics like olanzapine,, mineral supplements, sucralfate, omeprazole or antacids for ulcers and reflux, probenecid for gout, theophylline for asthma, caffeine and methylxanthines (found in some medicines and in drinks such as coffee, tea, cola), phenytoin for seizures, some NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), the immunosuppressant cyclosporine, anticoagulants like warfarin, oral antidiabetic medications like glibenclamide, methotrexate for cancer treatment, the antiemetic metoclopramide, the antidepressant duloxetine, ropinirole for Parkinson’s disease, clozapine for schizophrenia, sildenafil for erectile dysfunction
What medications interact with Cipflox?
Several medications interact with Cipflox tablets 750mg and should either not be taken while you are taking Cipflox or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:
- Drugs that cause a serious reaction or increase side effects with Cipflox: the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, anti-arrhythmics like amiodarone, tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptylene, macrolides antibiotics like azithromycin, clarithromycin, antipsychotics like olanzapine, theophylline for asthma, some NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), the immunosuppressant cyclosporine,
- Drugs that affect Cipflox: mineral supplements, sucralfate, omeprazole or antacids for ulcers and reflux, probenecid for gout, the antiemetic metoclopramide
- Drugs that are affected by Cipflox: the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, theophylline for asthma, caffeine and methylxanthines (found in some medicines and in drinks such as coffee, tea, cola), phenytoin for seizures, anticoagulants like warfarin, oral antidiabetic medications like glibenclamide, methotrexate for cancer treatment, the antidepressant duloxetine, ropinirole for Parkinson’s disease, clozapine for schizophrenia, sildenafil for erectile dysfunction
How should Cipflox be taken?
You should take your Cipflox tablets 750mg swallowed whole with a glass of water, with or without food. The dose you take and how often, depends on what you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendations, which for most infections is usually one tablet twice daily for 7 to 14 days, but the dose or length of time you need to take your Cipflox tablets 750mg for may be increased depending on the severity of your infection and your response to treatment. You should not consume dairy products that are high in calcium (milk and yoghurt) or calcium-fortified orange juice, unless they are part of a meal as this may affect the absorption of ciprofloxacin. Avoid direct exposure to excessive sunlight or UV-light as this can cause photosensitisation (sunburn-like skin reactions). You should continue to take your Cipflox tablets 750mg for as long as recommended by your doctor.
How long should you take Cipflox?
You should continue to take your Cipflox tablets 750mg for as long as recommended by your doctor.
Missed dose of Cipflox
If you miss a dose of Cipflox tablets 750mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should Cipflox be stored?
You should store your Cipflox tablets 750mg below 25°C in a cool dry place.
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Neo-Mercazole 5 (Carbimazole)
Neo-Mercazole general information
What is Neo-Mercazole used for?
Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg are used to treat hyperthyroidism or over-active thyroid, which causes thyrotoxicosis due to over production of thyroid hormone. The most common form of hyperthyroidism is Grave’s Disease or goitre, which is thought to be an autoimmune disease where autoantibodies called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins bind to the receptor for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and cause loss of regulation of thyroid hormone production. Hyperthyroidism can also be caused by inflammation, a tumour or a virus infection. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism are due to increased production of thyroid hormone, which causes increased rate of metabolism. They include nervousness, restlessness, irritability difficulty concentrating, tiredness, rapid heartbeat, heat intolerance, increased perspiration, difficulty sleeping, hand tremors, weight loss, increased appetite, frequent bowel movements, and muscular weakness. Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg are used to help induce permanent remission from thyrotoxicosis; also to restore normal thyroid function before thyroid surgery to remove whole or part of the thyroid gland; also before and after treatment with radioactive iodine for overactive thyroid. Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg is not used for a simple non-toxic goitre in which the thyroid may not make enough thyroid hormone but otherwise functions normally.
How does Neo-Mercazole work?
Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg contain carbimazole, which is a pro-drug and is rapidly metabolised after absorption into its active form methimazole. This metabolite inhibits the action of thyroid peroxidase, an enzyme that is involved in the coupling and iodination of thyroglobulin, which is important for the synthesis of thyroid hormone. Hyperthyroidism is due to an overactive thyroid gland and overproduction of thyroid hormone, which exists in two forms, thyroxine or levothyroxine, also known as T4 and liothyronine or L-triiodothyronine also known as T3. The production of thyroid hormone is normally regulated by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the hypothalamus, at the base of the brain, and it is this regulation that is deficient in Grave’s disease. Carbimazole in Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg blocks the synthesis of thyroid hormone and thereby helps restore normal levels.
What does Neo-Mercazole contain?
Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg contain the active ingredient carbimazole, an anti-thyroid drug used to treat hyperthyroidism. They also contain: lactose, maize starch, sucrose, magnesium stearate, talc, gum acacia, ferric oxide, gelatin.
Treating hyperthyroidism with Neo-Mercazole
Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg contain carbimazole and are used to treat hyperthyroidism. Overproduction of thyroid hormone causes hyperthyroidism, also known as over-active thyroid and results in increased rate of metabolism. Hyperthyroidism exists in different forms, the most common of which is Grave’s Disease or goitre that is thought to be an autoimmune disease where autoantibodies called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins bind to the receptor for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). Hyperthyroidism can also be caused by inflammation, a tumour or a virus infection. Thyroid hormone exists in two forms, thyroxine or levothyroxine, also known as T4 and liothyronine or L-triiodothyronine also known as T3. The production of thyroid hormone is normally regulated by TSH, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the hypothalamus, at the base of the brain, and it is this regulation that is deficient in hyperthyroidism. Carbimazole in Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg inhibits the action of thyroid peroxidase, which is important in the synthesis of thyroid hormone. This action helps restore normal levels of thyroid hormone and relieves symptoms of hyperthyroidism, which include nervousness, restlessness, irritability difficulty concentrating, tiredness, rapid heartbeat, heat intolerance, increased perspiration and difficulty sleeping, hand tremors, weight loss, increased appetite, frequent bowel movements, and muscular weakness.
Neo-Mercazole for Grave’s Disease
Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg contain carbimazole, an anti-thyroid drug that is used to treat Grave’s Disease, which is the most common form of hyperthyroidism. Grave’s Disease is thought to be an autoimmune disease where autoantibodies called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins bind to the receptor for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). The production of thyroid hormone is normally regulated by TSH, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the hypothalamus, at the base of the brain, and it is this regulation that is deficient in hyperthyroidism resulting in over-active thyroid, overproduction of thyroid hormone and increased rate of metabolism. Grave’s Disease is characterised by goitre or swelling of the thyroid gland and thyrotoxicosis (high levels of thyroid hormones), resulting in symptoms including nervousness, restlessness, irritability difficulty concentrating, tiredness, rapid heartbeat, heat intolerance, increased perspiration and difficulty sleeping, hand tremors, weight loss, increased appetite, frequent bowel movements, and muscular weakness. Carbimazole in Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg inhibits the action of thyroid peroxidase, an important enzyme in the synthesis of thyroid hormone. This action blocks the production of thyroid hormone and helps restore normal levels of thyroid hormone to relieve symptoms of Grave’s Disease.
What are the side effects of Neo-Mercazole?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg include gastrointestinal upset, nausea, headache, dizziness, paraesthesia (sensation of tingling, numbness), arthralgia (painful joints), skin rash, itching (pruritus), loss of taste. Agranulocytosis (reduced white cell count) is a possible serious side effect that should be monitored for symptoms like sore throat, bruising, bleeding, mouth ulcers, fever and malaise
When should Neo-Mercazole not be used?
You should not use Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg if you:
- are allergic to carbimazole or any ingredients in Neo-Mercazole
- are pregnant or are breastfeeding, without discussion with your doctor
- have liver disease
- have a serious haematological condition
- have a simple non-toxic goitre (swelling on the neck caused by enlargement of the thyroid gland)
- are taking medicines that interact with Neo-Mercazole, including: vitamin K-dependant anticoagulants, agranulocytosis inducing drugs, theophylline for asthma
What medications interact with Neo-Mercazole?
Several medications interact with Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg and should either not be taken while you are taking Neo-Mercazole or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:
- Drugs that cause a serious reaction with Neo-Mercazole: agranulocytosis inducing drugs
- Drugs that affect Neo-Mercazole: vitamin K-dependant anticoagulants, theophylline for asthma
How should Neo-Mercazole be taken?
You should take your Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg swallowed whole with a glass of water with or without food. The dose you take and how often will depend on the severity of your condition and your doctor’s recommendation and may be once, twice or three times a day. Your dose may be reduced depending on how well you respond. You should see an improvement within three months but you should continue to take your Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg for several months or years depending on your condition and your doctor’s recommendation.
How long should you take Neo-Mercazole?
You should continue to take your Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg for several months or years depending on your condition and your doctor’s recommendation.
Missed dose of Neo-Mercazole
If you miss a dose of Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should Neo-Mercazole be stored?
You should store your Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg below 25°C in a cool dry place.
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Kenozole Cream (Ketoconazole)
Kenozole general information
What is Kenozole used for?
Kenozole Cream 2% is used as a topical treatment for fungal infections of the skin and scalp, due to the Tinea fungus. Tinea is a dermatophyte fungus also known as ringworm. Tinea causes fungal infection in different parts of the body including ringworm of the foot, also known as Athlete's foot (tinea pedis), of the body (tinea corporis), of the groin (tinea cruris or jock itch), and of the scalp (tinea capitis). Kenozole Cream 2% is also used to treat infection by the yeast fungus Malassezia, which causes Pityriasis versicolor, characterised by flaky discoloured patches that appear on the chest and back and seborrhoeic dermatitis, a form of dermatitis or inflammation of the skin that affects mainly the scalp and face. Kenozole Cream 2% is also effective against infection with the yeast fungus Candida, which causes cutaneous candidiasis, characterised by itchy red rash on various parts of the body, usually in warm, moist creased areas of skin, like under the arms and in the groin.
How does Kenozole work?
Kenozole Cream 2% contains ketoconazole, a synthetic broad-spectrum antifungal that is used to treat a variety of fungal infections of the skin. Ketoconazole in Kenozole Cream 2% prevents growth of dermatophyte and yeast fungi by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, an important component of fungal cell membrane that is not found in animal cells. This results in altering the permeability of the fungal cell membrane causing it to become weakened, so that the cell contents to leak out, which kills the fungus, preventing the infection from spreading and relieving symptoms caused by the fungal infection, including pain and inflammation. When used as a topical antifungal, no detectable ketoconazole enters the blood, reducing risk of systemic side effects.
What does Kenozole contain?
Kenozole Cream contains the active ingredient ketoconazole 2% (w/w), a synthetic broad-spectrum antifungal that is used to treat a variety of fungal infections.
Treating fungal infections with Kenozole
Kenozole Cream 2% contains ketoconazole, a synthetic broad-spectrum antifungal that is used to treat a variety of fungal infections due to dermatophyte fungus Tinea, known as ringworm and the yeast Candida. These infections include, ringworm of the foot, also known as Athlete's foot (tinea pedis), of the body (tinea corporis), of the groin (tinea cruris or jock itch), and of the scalp (tinea capitis). Malassezia is a yeast-like fungus that causes Pityriasis versicolor, characterised by flaky discoloured patches that appear on the chest and back and seborrhoeic dermatitis, a form of dermatitis or inflammation of the skin that affects mainly the scalp and face. Candida causes cutaneous candidiasis, characterised by itchy red rash on various parts of the body, usually in warm, moist creased areas of skin, like under the arms and in the groin. Ketoconazole in Kenozole Cream 2% prevents growth of dermatophyte and yeast fungi by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, an important component of fungal cell membrane that is not found in animal cells. This results in altering the permeability of the fungal cell membrane causing it to become weakened, so that the cell contents to leak out, which kills the fungus, preventing the infection from spreading and relieving symptoms caused by the fungal infection, including pain and inflammation.
What are the side effects of Kenozole?
The most commonly reported side effects when using Kenozole Cream 2% include, burning sensation or irritation at the site of application, such as redness, pain and swelling; oily or dry scalp, mild hair loss.
When should Kenozole not be used?
You should not use Kenozole Cream 2% if you:
- are allergic to ketoconazole or any ingredients in Kenozole
- are pregnant or are breastfeeding, without discussion with your doctor
How should Kenozole be used?
You should apply your Kenozole Cream 2% to the affected area and rub gently into the skin once or twice daily depending on what you are being treated for and the severity of the infection. You should continue your course of treatment with Kenozole Cream for 2-6 weeks, depending on what you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendation, until signs and symptoms of the infection has disappeared. Wash your hands to prevent spreading the infection and do not get the cream into your eyes.
How long should you take Kenozole?
You should continue your course of treatment with Kenozole Cream for 2-6 weeks, depending on what you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendation.
Missed dose of Kenozole
If you miss a dose of Kenozole apply it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should Kenozole be stored?
You should store your Kenozole below 25°C in a cool dry place.
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Itrazole 100mg (Itraconazole)
Itrazole general information
What is Itrazole used for?
Itrazole capsules 100mg are used to treat a variety of superficial and systemic fungal infections in various parts of the body. Fungal infections that Itrazole 100 is used for include:
- Persistent infections of the skin with pityriasis versicolor, which caused by the yeast-like fungus malassezia and characterised by rash and patches of flaky skin on the trunk, neck or arms.
- Persistent infections with the fungus tinea (also called ringworm) in various parts of the body including the body (tinea corporis), foot (tinea pedis) and groin (tinea cruris or jock itch).
- Candidiasis (thrush) of the mucus membranes such as in the mouth and vagina, also of the skin.
- Persistent infections of the vagina with the yeast candida (candidiasis).
- Infection of the nail (onychomycosis) with yeast or dermatophyte fungi like tinea.
- Fungal keratitis, an infection of the cornea of the eye by mould fungi like aspergillus or the yeast Candida, resulting in inflammation.
- Systemic fungal infections that can affect internal organs such as histoplasmosis a rare systemic fungal infection from inhalation of a soil fungus into the lung causing flu-like symptoms; also aspergillosis, a lung infection caused by breathing in spores of the mould fungus aspergillus. These systemic fungal infections are more common in people who are immunocompromised.
How does Itrazole work?
Itrazole capsules 100mg contain itraconazole broad-spectrum antifungal drug belonging to the triazole group of antifungals. Itraconazole in Itrazole capsules 100mg is a potent and specific inhibitor of fungal enzymes necessary for the synthesis of ergosterol, an important component of fungal cell membrane that is not found in animal cells. A lack of ergosterol weakens the fungal cell membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out, which kills the fungus. This prevents the infection from spreading, relieving symptoms caused by the infection, including, itching and inflammation.
What does Itrazole contain?
Itrazole capsules 100mg contain the active ingredient itraconazole a broad-spectrum antifungal drug, used to treat and prevent a variety of fungal infections. They also contain sugar spheres, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, sorbitan stearate, hydrated silica colloidal, titanium dioxide, red iron oxide and gelatin and opacode S-1-7078 White.
Treating fungal infections with with Itrazole
Itrazole capsules 100mg contain itraconazole, a broad-spectrum antifungal drug that is used to treat a wide range of superficial and systemic fungal infections, caused by a variety of susceptible fungal species. Itrazole capsules 100mg specifically inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol, an important component of fungal cell membrane, which kills the fungus and stops it spreading; relieving the itching, scaling and other more severe symptoms caused by the fungal infection. Fungal infections that can be treated with Itrazole capsules 100mg include:
- Persistent infections of the skin with pityriasis versicolor, which caused by the yeast-like fungus malassezia and characterised by rash and patches of flaky skin on the trunk, neck or arms.
- Persistent infections with the fungus tinea (also called ringworm) in various parts of the body including the body (tinea corporis), foot (tinea pedis) and groin (tinea cruris or jock itch).
- Candidiasis (thrush) of the mucus membranes such as in the mouth and vagina, also of the skin.
- Persistent infections of the vagina with the yeast candida (candidiasis).
- Infection of the nail (onychomycosis) with yeast or dermatophyte fungi like tinea.
- Fungal keratitis, an infection of the cornea of the eye by mould fungi like aspergillus or the yeast Candida, resulting in inflammation.
- Systemic fungal infections that can affect internal organs such as histoplasmosis a rare systemic fungal infection from inhalation of a soil fungus into the lung causing flu-like symptoms; also aspergillosis, a lung infection caused by breathing in spores of the mould fungus Aspergillus. These systemic fungal infections are more common in people who are immunocompromised.
Itrazole for thrush
Itrazole capsules 100mg contain itraconazole, a synthetic broad-spectrum antifungal agent that is used to treat a variety of fungal infections including thrush or candidiasis, which is caused by the yeast candida albicans. Although any site on the body can become infected with candida, including the gastrointestinal tract, the most common site of infection are the mucous membranes of the mouth and vagina, with symptoms including creamy/white lesions or discharge and itching or irritation. Itrazole capsules 100mg specifically inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol, an important component of fungal cell membrane, which kills the fungus and stops it spreading. In this way Itrazole capsules 100mg relieves the symptoms of thrush in all its locations, and prevents constant reinfection in chronic recurrent vaginal thrush.
What are the side effects of Itrazole?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Itrazole capsules 100mg include: upset stomach, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, skin rash, headache, constipation, dizziness, menstrual disorders.
When should Itrazole not be used?
You should not use Itrazole capsules 100mg if you:
- are allergic to itraconazole or any other azole drug or any ingredients in Itrazole
- are pregnant or are breastfeeding, without discussion with your doctor
- have kidney or liver disease
- are taking medicines that interact with Itrazole, including, the antiviral rifampicin, rifabutin or zidovudine; terfenadine or astemizole for allergy, cisapride for reflux, the anticonvulsant phenytoin, the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide, medicines for diabetes such as glipizide, tolbutamide or glibenclamide, theophylline for asthma, the immunosuppressants tacrolimus and cyclosporine, some benzodiazepines such as midazolam, cholesterol lowering drugs like simvastatin and lovastatin, ergotamine for migraine or ergometrine to prevent bleeding after childbirth, the calcium channel blocker nisoldipine for high blood pressure and angina, the antibiotics clarithromycin and erythromycin, the antipsychotic pimozide
What medications interact with Itrazole?
Several medications interact with Itrazole and should either not be taken while you are taking Itrazole or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:
- Drugs that cause a serious reaction with Itrazole: cisapride for reflux can cause heart problems
- Drugs that affect Itrazole: the anticonvulsant phenytoin, the antiviral rifampicin, rifabutin or zidovudine; the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide, the antibiotics clarithromycin and erythromycin
- Drugs that are affected by Itrazole: medicines for diabetes such as glipizide, tolbutamide or glibenclamide; theophylline for asthma, immunosuppressants tacrolimus and cyclosporine, some benzodiazepines such as midazolam, cholesterol lowering drugs like simvastatin and lovastatin, ergot alkaloids like ergotamine for migraine or ergometrine to prevent bleeding after childbirth, the calcium channel blocker nisoldipine for high blood pressure and angina, the antipsychotic pimozide
How should Itrazole be taken?
You should take your Itrazole capsules 100mg swallowed whole with a glass of water and with food once or twice daily depending on what you are being treated and on your doctor’s recommendations. The dose you take and for how long depends on the type and severity of your infection and your doctor’s recommendations. You should always finish your course of Itrazole capsules 100mg, which may be for a few days or weeks, if not, the infection may not clear up completely.
How long should you take Itrazole?
You should always finish your course of Itrazole capsules 100mg, which may be for a few days or weeks, if not, the infection may not clear up completely.
Missed dose of Itrazole
If you miss a dose of Itrazole capsules 100mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should Itrazole be stored?
You should store your Itrazole below 25°C in a cool dry place.
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