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Wysolone 5 (Prednisolone 5mg) Wysolone general information What is Wysolone used for? Wysolone tablets 5mg are a steroid medication used in wide range of inflammatory, allergic and immune disorders to suppress clinical symptoms of the disease. Amongst their many applications, Wysolone tablets 5mg are used to reduce inflammation in conditions where the immune system is overactive, like anaphylaxis, severe asthma, acute outbreaks of eczema and severe allergies; to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, where the body’s immune system is directed against self, and to prevent rejection following organ transplant. Wysolone 5 is also used as an anti-cancer medication along with other drugs, to treat certain tumours like leukemia and lymphoma, and to replace a lack natural corticosteroid cortisol in conditions where there is not enough produced, such as underactive adrenal glands or congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which can affect the ability of the body to regulate blood pressure, blood sugar, energy levels, normal development and protect against stress. How does Wysolone work? Wysolone tablets 5mg contain prednisolone, which is corticosteroid hormone and is a synthetic derivative of the natural glucocorticoid cortisol. Prednisolone is the active metabolite of prednisone and can be converted from prednisone into prednisolone in the liver. Prednisolone in Wysolone 5 acts directly through the glucocorticoid receptor that is expressed inside most cells of the body and regulates transcription of specific genes that control many aspects of development, metabolism and the immune response. Prednisolone in Wysolone 5 has potent anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-rheumatic and immunosuppressant properties and has widespread effects acting on most tissues in the body to modify, glucose, fat, protein and calcium metabolism. The major therapeutic actions of prednisolone are to reduce the vascular (blood vessels) and cellular inflammatory response primarily by blocking the production of inflammatory chemicals, like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, from inflammatory cells to reduce the swelling, redness and pain associated with inflammation; to modify the actions of cells involved in the allergic response, and to suppress the immune system to prevent rejection following organ transplant. Prednisolone in Wysolone 5 also has anti-cancer properties and is used to prevent growth of certain tumours like leukemia and lymphoma. What does Wysolone contain? Wysolone tablets 5mg contain the active ingredient prednisolone a potent synthetic corticosteroid used to treat a wide range of inflammatory, allergic and immune disorders. What is the difference between prednisone and prednisolone? Prednisone is an inactive drug precursor that must be converted to prednisolone in the liver to become active. Prednisolone is particularly helpful for patients with liver problems who cannot metabolise prednisone into prednisolone in the liver. Treating inflammation with Wysolone Wysolone tablets 5mg contain prednisolone, which is a corticosteroid hormone and is a synthetic derivative of the natural glucocorticoid cortisol, with potent anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-rheumatic and immunosuppressant properties. Wysolone 5 is used in a wide range of inflammatory disorders, to suppress clinical symptoms of the disease where inflammation is caused by many different factors. For example, where the immune system is overactive, like severe asthma, acute outbreaks of eczema and severe allergies; autoimmune diseases, where the immune system is directed against self, like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus or Crohn's disease. The anti-inflammatory actions of prednisolone in Wysolone tablets 5mg are to block the production of inflammatory chemicals, like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, from inflammatory cells which reduces the swelling, redness and pain associated with inflammation. What are the side effects of Wysolone? The most commonly reported side effects when taking Wysolone 5 include: increased susceptibility to infection, muscle or bone aches and pains, weight gain, thinning of skin, bone demineralisation, slow wound healing, acne, redistribution of body fat creating the typical moon face, altered vision. Also behavioural and mood disturbances such as depression, irritability, anxiety, sleep disturbances. What are the health risks of taking Wysolone? Long term use of Wysolone 5 may cause the adrenal glands, which produce endogenous (naturally occurring) corticosteroids, to stop working efficiently. This may slow down the growth rate in children and will need regular monitoring. Wysolone 5 may also cause decreased bone mineral density, if used for long periods. Long term use of steroids may be associated with a range of side effects such as round face, altered body shape, altered hair growth, thinning of the bones, decreased resistance to infection, increased salt and water retention, increased blood pressure and diabetes. When should Wysolone not be used? You should not use Wysolone 5 if you: are allergic to prednisolone or any ingredients in Wysolone are pregnant or are breastfeeding have thyroid, stomach, heart, kidney or liver problems, high blood pressure, mood disorders, epilepsy, diabetes, glaucoma, osteoporosis have any infectious disease, acute infection, systemic fungal infection, tuberculosis, uncomplicated viral hepatitis are due to receive a vaccination with a live virus vaccine are taking medicines that interact with Wysolone like anti-inflammatories such as; diclofenac, ibuprofen, mefenamic acidor naproxen; barbiturates, phenylbutazone, phenytoin or rifampicin, anticoagulants, insulin for diabetes are taking diuretic medicines such as the thiazides or frusemide, these may cause increased loss of potassium when taken with Wysolone 5 What medications interact with Wysolone? Several medications interact with Wysolone and should either not be taken while you are taking Wysolone or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor: Drugs that cause a serious reaction with Wysolone: anti-inflammatories such as; diclofenac, ibuprofen, mefenamic acidor naproxen Drugs that affect Wysolone: rifampicin, barbiturates, phenylbutazone, phenytoin Drugs that are affected by Wysolone: live virus vaccine may be less effective, anticoagulants, insulin for diabetes How should Wysolone be taken? You should take your Wysolone tablets 5mg swallowed whole with a glass of water and with food. The dose of Wysolone 5 that you take, how often and for how long depends on what you are being treated for and as recommended by your doctor. You should continue to take your Wysolone 5 for as long as recommended by your doctor and should not stop taking them suddenly; withdrawal should be gradual to reduce risk of side effects. How long should you take Wysolone? You should continue to take your Wysolone 5 for as long as recommended by your doctor and should not stop taking them suddenly; withdrawal should be gradual to reduce risk of side effects. Missed dose of Wysolone If you miss a dose of Wysolone 5 take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose. How should Wysolone be stored? You should store your Wysolone below 25°C in a cool dry place.
Glyciphage 500mg (Metformin) Glyciphage general information What is Glyciphage used for? Glyciphage tablets 500mg are an oral diabetes medication that is used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus (also called non insulin-dependent diabetes or maturity onset diabetes) who are unable to achieve adequate glycaemic control (normal blood sugar levels) with diet and exercise alone, which is a particular problem in overweight people. Glyciphage tablets 500mg can be used as first time treatment for newly diagnosed diabetics, or for patients who are not responding to an alternative medication, and can be used either alone or in combination with another oral antihyperglycaemic medication (lowers blood sugar). In some cases Glyciphage is used in conjunction with insulin in type 1 diabetes (also called insulin -dependent diabetes), where insulin alone is not enough to control blood sugar levels. How does Glyciphage work? Glyciphage tablets 500mg contain the active ingredient Metformin hydrochloride, which is an oral antihyperglycaemic medication belonging to the biguanide group of drugs. Metformin in Glyciphage tablets 500mg controls blood glucose (sugar) by lowering levels of glucose after a meal (posprandial) as well as keeping levels normal between meals (basal levels), by helping the body respond to insulin without increasing insulin production. Metformin in Glyciphage tablets 500mg works using three different mechanisms: decreasing glucose production in the liver, which is normally switched off when blood glucose levels are high enough; increasing sensitivity to insulin in fat and muscle tissue, where excess glucose is removed from the blood and stored; reducing absorption of glucose by the intestines form the diet. Maintaining glycaemic control with Glyciphage tablets 500mg reduces risk of serious health complications associated with diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina in the eye with loss of vision), diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage) and diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage). What does Glyciphage contain? Glyciphage tablets 500mg contain the active ingredient metformin, which is an oral antihyperglycaemic medication used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Treating type 2 diabetes with Glyciphage Glyciphage tablets 500mg contain Metformin, which is an oral antihyperglycaemic medication that is used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus (also called non insulin-dependent diabetes or maturity onset diabetes) who are unable to achieve adequate glycaemic control (normal blood sugar levels) with diet and exercise alone, which is a particular problem in overweight people. Metformin in Glyciphage tablets 500mg lowers blood sugar after a meal (posprandial) as well as keeping levels normal between meals (basal levels), by helping the body respond to insulin without increasing insulin production, using three different mechanisms: decreasing glucose production in the liver, which is normally switched off when blood glucose levels are high enough; increasing sensitivity to insulin in fat and muscle tissue, where excess glucose is removed from the blood and stored; reducing absorption of glucose by the intestines form the diet. Maintaining glycaemic control with Glyciphage tablets 500mg reduces risk of serious health complications associated with diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina in the eye with loss of vision), diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage) and diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage). What are the side effects of Glyciphage? The most commonly reported side effects when taking Glyciphage tablets 500mg include: gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, which are usually mild and resolve spontaneously during continued treatment; metallic taste in the mouth; and skin rash. A rare and potentially life threatening side effect is lactic acidosis (a build up of lactic acid in the blood) that can occur due to accumulation of metformin, particularly if you are taking high doses of metformin above 2000mg per day, have kidney problems, drink excessive amounts of alcohol, are elderly. When should Glyciphage not be used? You should not use Glyciphage if you: are allergic to metformin or any other biguanide or any ingredients in Glyciphage tablets 500mg are pregnant or are breastfeeding without discussion with your doctor have liver or kidney disease have a conditions affecting renal function, like dehydration, severe infection or shock have diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic precoma have acute or chronic disease which may cause tissue hypoxia such as heart failure, recent myocardial infarction, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, shock, acute significant blood loss, sepsis, gangrene, pancreatitis have a history of lactic acidosis have a problem with alcohol are taking medications that may interact with Glyciphage tablets 500mg including: cimetidine for reflux and ulcers, medications for high blood pressure and heart conditions like nifedipine, beta-blockers, diuretics, other diabetes medications like sulfonylureas and repaglinide, corticosteroids such as prednisone, cortisone, anticoagulants undergoing radiological treatment with intravascular iodinated contrast agents which may lead to renal failure, resulting in metformin accumulation and a risk of lactic acidosis What medications interact with Glyciphage Several medications interact with Glyciphage and should either not be taken while you are taking Glyciphage or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor: Drugs that interact with Glyciphage to increase side effects: other diabetes medications like sulfonylureas and repaglinide, ACE inhibitors for high blood pressure, corticosteroids such as prednisone, cortisone Drugs that affect Glyciphage: cimetidine for reflux and ulcers, medications for high blood pressure and heart conditions like nifedipine, beta-blockers, diuretics , thyroid medicines Drugs that are affected by Glyciphage: anticoagulants How should Glyciphage be taken? You should take your Glyciphage tablets 500mg with a glass of water and with food. The dose you take and how often should be as recommended by your doctor. The usual starting dose is one tablet once, twice or 3 times daily during or immediately after a meal, to reduce stomach effects. You will have your blood sugar levels monitored and your dose may be adjusted after a few weeks, depending on how well your blood sugar levels are controlled. You should continue to take your Metformin tablets 500mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for long periods. How long should you take Glyciphage? You should continue to take your Glyciphage tablets 500mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for long periods. Missed dose of Glyciphage If you miss a dose of Glyciphage take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose. How should Glyciphage be stored? You should store your Glyciphage tablets 500mg below 25°C in a cool dry place out of direct sunlight.
IPCA Propranolol 40mg Tablets Ipca Propranolol general information What is Ipca Propranolol used for? Ipca tablets 40mg are used to treat a variety of heart conditions including control of hypertension (high blood pressure); management of angina pectoris (chest pain) due to coronary atherosclerosis. Ipca Propranolol is also used for reducing situational and generalised anxiety, particularly the physical symptoms of anxiety (somatic), preventing migraine, management of essential tremor and as an adjunctive treatment of the management thyrotoxicosis (overactive thyroid). Ipca Propranolol is also used as prophylaxis to prevent bleeding due to portal hypertension (high blood pressure in the portal veins from the stomach, spleen, pancreas an intestine) and esophageal varices (enlarged veins in the oesophagus); also, for hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (thickening of the heart muscle causing obstruction to blood flow). Ipca tablets 40mg work through a common mechanism in several different body systems to manage the condition and relieve symptoms by reducing heart rate (pulse), workload on the heart (force needed to pump) and oxygen demand by the heart, which results in increased blood flow and lower blood pressure. How does Ipca Propranolol work? Ipca Propranolol contains propranolol, which is a nonselective beta-blocker or antagonist that binds to the beta-receptor and acts by blocking the action of chemicals called catecholamines, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), which are released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation during physical and mental stress. Adrenaline works via beta-receptors in the heart to stimulate increased heart rate and constriction (narrowing) of blood vessels. Propranolol in Ipca tablets 40mg blocks these actions of adrenaline, to slow heart rate, dilate (widen) blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and increase blood flow and oxygen to the heart. Since beta-receptors are found in many tissues, particularly the heart, kidneys, vascular smooth muscle in blood vessel walls, lung, skeletal muscle and liver, all short-term and long-term symptom relief due to taking Ipca Propranolol, is based on blocking beta-receptors in the target tissue. What does Ipca Propranolol contain? Ipca Propranolol contains the active ingredient propranolol 40mg, a beta blocker that blocks the action of adrenaline, to slow heart rate and relax blood vessels, amongst other actions, and is used to treat a variety of conditions. What are the inactive ingredients in Ipca Propranolol Tablets? Ipca Propranolol also contains the following inactive ingredients: Sunset Yellow FCF Aluminium lake Cl15985, Lactose monohydrate, Magnesium stearate, Maize starch, Povidone, Quinoline yellow, and Sodium starch glycolate. Treating high blood pressure (hypertension) with Ipca Propranolol Ipca tablets 40mg contain propranolol, a beta-blocker that blocks the action of adrenaline (epinephrine); released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation (for example due to stress). Adrenaline stimulates beta-receptors in blood vessel walls, causing blood vessels to constrict (narrow) which reduces blood flow and raises blood pressure. Ipca Propranolol is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) by widening blood vessels (vasodilation), reducing heart rate (number of heart beats) and reducing the force of the heart contraction. These actions lower blood pressure and help the heart to cope better. Treating angina with Ipca Propranolol Ipca Propranolol tablets contain propranolol, a beta-blocker that blocks the action of adrenaline (epinephrine); released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation (for example due to stress). Adrenaline stimulates beta-receptors in the heart muscle, which increases heart rate and the strength of muscular contraction in response to excitement/physical exertion. Ipca Propranolol is used for management of angina by reducing heart rate and force of contraction of the heart and widening blood vessels. When the heart does not have to work as hard, it requires less oxygen and the reduced workload relieves symptoms of angina, such as chest pain and breathlessness on exertion. What are the side effects of Ipca Propranolol? The most commonly reported side effects when taking Ipca Propranolol include, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain, bradycardia (slow heart rate), tiredness, dizziness, hypotension (low heart rate), coldness of the extremities, peripheral vasoconstriction, sleep disturbances or nightmares, hair loss, mood changes or confusion. When should Ipca Propranolol not be used? You should not use Ipca Propranolol if you: are allergic to propranolol or any ingredients in Ipca Propranolol have a history of bronchial asthma or bronchospasm are diabetic and taking hypoglycaemic therapy as propranolol may prolong the hypoglycaemic response to insulin have, poor peripheral blood circulation, uncontrolled heart failure, low blood pressure (hypotension), metabolic acidosis (too much acid in your blood) or a certain type of angina called Prinzmetal's angina have a phaeochromocytoma (a rare tumour of the adrenal gland) which is not already being treated with other medicines have certain other heart problems are taking medication that may interact with Ipca Propranolol, including other medicines for high blood pressure angina or an irregular heartbeat such as calcium channel blockers (disopyramide) digoxin, clonidine, hydralazine, diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine; adrenaline for emergencies like anaphylaxis; ergotamine and derivatives for migraine; antiinflammatories like ibuprofen or indomethacin; cimetidine for reflux and ulcers; chlorpromazine for psychiatric disorders. What medications interact with Ipca Propranolol? Several medications interact with Ipca Propranolol and should either not be taken while you are taking Ipca Propranolol or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor: Drugs that cause a serious reaction with Ipca Propranolol: other medicines for high blood pressure angina or an irregular heartbeat such as calcium channel blockers (disopyramide) digoxin, clonidine, hydralazine, diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine, ergotamine and derivatives for migraine Drugs that affect Ipca Propranolol: adrenaline for emergencies like anaphylaxis, cimetidine for reflux and ulcers, chlorpromazine for psychiatric disorders, antiinflammatories like ibuprofen or indomethacin Drugs that are affected by Ipca Propranolol: chlorpromazine for psychiatric disorders How should Ipca Propranolol be taken? You should take your Ipca Propranolol tablets with a glass of water, with or without food. The number of tablets you take each day, how often you take them depends on the condition you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendations. You should continue take your Ipca Propranolol tablets every day, as instructed and if you are advised to stop taking them, withdrawal should be gradual, and treatment should not be discontinued abruptly. You should continue take your Ipca Propranolol tablets for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for a few days or weeks, depending on the condition you are being treated for. How long should you take Ipca Propranolol? You should continue take your Ipca Propranolol tablets for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for a few days or weeks, depending on the condition you are being treated for. Missed dose of Ipca Propranolol If you miss a dose of Ipca Propranolol, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose. How should Ipca Propranolol be stored? You should store your Ipca Propranolol below 25°C in a cool dry place kept well out of reach of children.
Newven (Desvenlafaxine 100mg) Newven general information What is Newven used for? Newven tablets 100mg are used to treat major depression and symptoms of depressive illness, including anxiety, loss of interest in usual activities, disturbed sleep, change in appetite, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty thinking or concentrating, and recurrent thoughts of suicide. Newven tablets 100mg are also used to treat other mood disorders that affect daily activities and relationships with others including, social anxiety disorder (Social Phobia), panic disorder (panic attacks) and generalised anxiety disorder. Newven tablets 100mg help manage the emotional and physical symptoms of depression to help improve ability to function at work, in family and social life and in leisure activities. How does Newven work? Newven tablets 100mg contain desvenlafaxine which is the active metabolite of venlafaxine, an antidepressant belonging to the class of drugs known as Serotonin-Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) but is structurally and chemically different to other antidepressants. Desvenlafaxine in Newven tablets 100mg acts in the brain to correct the chemical imbalance caused by a lack of certain neurotransmitters (brain chemical that allows nerve cells to communicate) that is thought to be one of the major causes of depression and other mood disorders, particularly a lack of serotonin, which controls many body activities, including regulating mood. Desvenlafaxine is a potent inhibitor of the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline, and also weakly inhibits dopamine reuptake, which means that it blocks the re-uptake of serotonin and noradrenaline from the synapse (the gap between nerve cells across which chemical messages are sent from one nerve cell to another). If the re-uptake of serotonin and noradrenaline by the first nerve cell (pre-synaptic) is blocked, this means that there is more neurotransmitter remaining for the receiving nerve cell (post-synaptic), which allows nerve cells to communicate with each other for longer. The action of Newven tablets 100mg helps relieve symptoms of depression and other mood disorders by increasing the amount of serotonin and noradrenaline in the brain, which in turn increases stimulation of nerve pathways that control mood. Newven tablets 100mg are formulated so that desvenlafaxine is released slowly into the digestive system for extended-release of the medication, to allow for a single dose per day. What does Newven contain? Newven tablets 100mg contain the active ingredient desvenlafaxine, an antidepressant belonging to the Serotonin-Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) that are used to treat depression and other mood disorders. Treating depression with Newven Newven tablets 100mg contain desvenlafaxine which is the active metabolite of venlafaxine, an antidepressant belonging to the class of drugs known as Serotonin-Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs). Newven tablets 100mg are used to treat symptoms of depression, including anxiety, loss of interest in usual activities, disturbed sleep, change in appetite, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty thinking or concentrating and recurrent thoughts of suicide. One of the major causes of depression is thought to be an imbalance of neurotransmitters (brain chemicals that allows nerve cells to communicate), particularly a lack of serotonin that controls mood. Desvenlafaxine in Newven tablets 100mg works by specifically blocking the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline from the synapse, or gap between nerve cells across which chemical messages are sent to allow nerve cell to communicate with each other. By preventing the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline by the first nerve cell (pre-synaptic) there is more neurotransmitter remaining for the receiving nerve cell (post-synaptic), so that nerve cells can communicate with each other for longer which increases stimulation of nerve pathways that control mood changes, relieving symptoms of depression. What are the side effects of Newven? The most commonly reported side effects when taking Newven tablets 100mg include: decreased or loss of appetite, dry mouth, diarrhoea, nausea, constipation, sleeplessness, fatigue, drowsiness, increased sweating, vasodilation (hot flashes), hypertension (increase in blood pressure), sexual problems. When should Newven not be used? You should not use Newven tablets 100mg if you: are allergic to desvenlafaxine or any ingredients in Newven are pregnant or are breastfeeding have liver disease have a recent history of myocardial infarction or unstable heart disease are taking any monoamine oxidase inhibitor medications (such as phenelzine and tranylcypromine) as these can cause serious reactions if taken with Newven or within 14 days are taking medicines that interact with Newven monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) for depression, other antidepressants, the analgesic tramadol, tryptophan, or phentermine (weight-reducing medicines), sumatriptan for migraine, the antipsychotic pimozide, herbal remedies containing St. John´s Wort, bupropion, for nicotine dependence, the antifungal ketoconazole, the antibiotic erythromycin, clozapine for schizophrenia are taking medication that affects blood clotting as these may increase risk of bleeding if taken with Newven What medications interact with Newven? Several medications interact with Newven tablets 100mg and should either not be taken while you are taking Newven or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor: Drugs that cause a serious reaction with Newven: monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like phenelzine and tranylcypromine for depression, medication that affects blood clotting like warfarin Drugs that affect Newven: the analgesic tramadol, tryptophan, or phentermine (weight-reducing medicines), sumatriptan for migraine, St John's wort, a herbal remedy used to treat mood disorders, cimetidine for reflux and ulcers, antifungal ketoconazole, the antibiotic erythromycin Drugs that are affected by Newven: the antidepressants lithium and Imipramine, clozapine for schizophrenia, the anticoagulant warfarin How should Newven be taken? You should take your Newven tablets 100mg with a glass of water, swallowed whole with or without food You should take your Newven tablets 100mg swallowed whole with a glass of water, with or without food once a day, at the same time each day. Your doctor may increase your dose, depending on what you are being treated for. You should continue take your Newven tablets 100mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, depending on your condition and your doctor’s recommendations, usually for several weeks or months and you should continue your medication even if you feel well. How long should you take Newven? You should continue take your Newven tablets 100mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, depending on your condition and your doctor’s recommendations, usually for several weeks or months and you should continue your medication even if you feel well. Missed dose of Newven If you miss a dose of Newven tablets 100mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose. How should Newven be stored? You should store your Newven tablets 100mg below 25°C in a cool dry place.
Nizonide (Nitazoxanide 500mg) Nizonide general information What is Nizonide used for? Nizonide tablets 500mg are used to treat diarrhoea caused by infection with the parasitic protozoal (single cell) organism Giardia lamblia, causing Giardiasis or Cryptosporidium parvum, causing Cryptosporidiosis. Both organisims live in the intestines and are passed in the faeces and can survive outside the body for long periods of time. Infection is usually from food or water contaminated with faeces and is easily spread by contact and lack of good hygiene. Symptoms of Giardiasis usually develop 9-15 days after infection and can last up to 6 weeks; they include diarrhoea, gas, greasy stools that tend to float, stomach or abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and dehydration due to loss of fluids, although in some cases there are no symptoms. Symptoms of cryptosporidiosis usually develop 2-10 after infection and last for 1-2 weeks; they include watery diarrhoea, stomach cramps or pain, dehydration, nausea, vomiting, fever and weight loss. Nizonide tablets 500mg kill the parasite and relieve the symptoms of infection. How does Nizonide work? Nizonide tablets 500mg contain nitazoxanide, a thiazolide class of drug that has broad-spectrum anti-parasitic and antiviral activity, and is used as an antiprotozoal to treat giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis to relieve symptoms and clear up the parasitic infection. Nitazoxanide in Nizonide tablets 500mg and its active metabolite tizoxanide are thought to work by interfering with an enzyme activity (pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction) that promotes conversion of specific chemicals into an energy source needed for survival of the protozoal parasite. This action of nitazoxanide in Nizonide tablets 500mg inhibits growth of the parasite, which kills the parasite and prevents spread of infection, allowing symptoms of infection to clear up for both giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis. Nizonide tablets 500mg are effective for larval as well as adult stages of the lifecycle and are effective within 3 days of treatment. What does Nizonide contain? Nizonide tablets 500mg contain the active ingredient nitazoxanide, an antiprotozoal used to treat giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis to relieve symptoms and clear up the parasitic infection. Treating giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis with Nizonide Nizonide tablets 500mg contain the antiprotozoal nitazoxanide, used to treat diarrhoea caused by infection with the parasitic protozoal (single cell) organism Giardia lamblia, causing Giardiasis or Cryptosporidium parvum, causing Cryptosporidiosis. These parasitic infections are usually due to consuming food or water contaminated with faeces and are easily spread by contact and lack of good hygiene. Symptoms of Giardiasis usually develop 9-15 days after infection and can last up to 6 weeks; they include diarrhoea, gas, greasy stools that tend to float, stomach or abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and dehydration due to loss of fluids, although in some cases there are no symptoms. Symptoms of cryptosporidiosis usually develop 2-10 after infection and last for 1-2 weeks; they include watery diarrhoea, stomach cramps or pain, dehydration, nausea, vomiting, fever, weight loss. Nitazoxanide in Nizonide tablets 500mg is are thought to work by interfering with the conversion of specific chemicals into an energy source needed for the parasitic protozoal cell survival. This inhibits growth of the parasite, which kills the parasite and prevents spread of infection, allowing symptoms of infection to clear up for both giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis. What are the side effects of Nizonide? The most commonly reported side effects when taking Nizonide tablets 500mg include, headache, stomach pain, upset stomach, change in colour of urine. When should Nizonide not be used? You should not use Nizonide tablets 500mg if you: are allergic to nitazoxanide or any ingredients in Nizonide are pregnant or are breastfeeding have kidney or liver disease are taking medicines that interact with Nizonide, including warfarin, which increases risk of drug toxicity How should Nizonide be taken? You should take your Nizonide tablets 500mg, swallowed whole with a glass of water and with food twice daily (every 12 hours) for 3 days. Your symptoms should improve within 3 days, if not you should visit your doctor. How long should you take Nizonide? You should take your Nizonide tablets 500mg for 3 days and if your symptoms have not improved you should visit your doctor. Missed dose of Nizonide If you miss a dose of Nizonide tablets 500mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose. How should Nizonide be stored? You should store your Nizonide tablets 500mg below 25°C in a cool dry place.

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Wysolone general information

What is Wysolone used for?

Wysolone tablets 5mg are a steroid medication used in wide range of inflammatory, allergic and immune disorders to suppress clinical symptoms of the disease. Amongst their many applications, Wysolone tablets 5mg are used to reduce inflammation in conditions where the immune system is overactive, like anaphylaxis, severe asthma, acute outbreaks of eczema and severe allergies; to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, where the body’s immune system is directed against self, and to prevent rejection following organ transplant. Wysolone 5 is also used as an anti-cancer medication along with other drugs, to treat certain tumours like leukemia and lymphoma, and to replace a lack natural corticosteroid cortisol in conditions where there is not enough produced, such as underactive adrenal glands or congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which can affect the ability of the body to regulate blood pressure, blood sugar, energy levels, normal development and protect against stress.

How does Wysolone work?

Wysolone tablets 5mg contain prednisolone, which is corticosteroid hormone and is a synthetic derivative of the natural glucocorticoid cortisol. Prednisolone is the active metabolite of prednisone and can be converted from prednisone into prednisolone in the liver. Prednisolone in Wysolone 5 acts directly through the glucocorticoid receptor that is expressed inside most cells of the body and regulates transcription of specific genes that control many aspects of development, metabolism and the immune response. Prednisolone in Wysolone 5 has potent anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-rheumatic and immunosuppressant properties and has widespread effects acting on most tissues in the body to modify, glucose, fat, protein and calcium metabolism. The major therapeutic actions of prednisolone are to reduce the vascular (blood vessels) and cellular inflammatory response primarily by blocking the production of inflammatory chemicals, like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, from inflammatory cells to reduce the swelling, redness and pain associated with inflammation; to modify the actions of cells involved in the allergic response, and to suppress the immune system to prevent rejection following organ transplant. Prednisolone in Wysolone 5 also has anti-cancer properties and is used to prevent growth of certain tumours like leukemia and lymphoma.

What does Wysolone contain?

Wysolone tablets 5mg contain the active ingredient prednisolone a potent synthetic corticosteroid used to treat a wide range of inflammatory, allergic and immune disorders.

What is the difference between prednisone and prednisolone?

Prednisone is an inactive drug precursor that must be converted to prednisolone in the liver to become active. Prednisolone is particularly helpful for patients with liver problems who cannot metabolise prednisone into prednisolone in the liver.

Treating inflammation with Wysolone

Wysolone tablets 5mg contain prednisolone, which is a corticosteroid hormone and is a synthetic derivative of the natural glucocorticoid cortisol, with potent anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-rheumatic and immunosuppressant properties. Wysolone 5 is used in a wide range of inflammatory disorders, to suppress clinical symptoms of the disease where inflammation is caused by many different factors. For example, where the immune system is overactive, like severe asthma, acute outbreaks of eczema and severe allergies; autoimmune diseases, where the immune system is directed against self, like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus or Crohn's disease. The anti-inflammatory actions of prednisolone in Wysolone tablets 5mg are to block the production of inflammatory chemicals, like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, from inflammatory cells which reduces the swelling, redness and pain associated with inflammation.

What are the side effects of Wysolone?

The most commonly reported side effects when taking Wysolone 5 include: increased susceptibility to infection, muscle or bone aches and pains, weight gain, thinning of skin, bone demineralisation, slow wound healing, acne, redistribution of body fat creating the typical moon face, altered vision. Also behavioural and mood disturbances such as depression, irritability, anxiety, sleep disturbances.

What are the health risks of taking Wysolone?

Long term use of Wysolone 5 may cause the adrenal glands, which produce endogenous (naturally occurring) corticosteroids, to stop working efficiently. This may slow down the growth rate in children and will need regular monitoring. Wysolone 5 may also cause decreased bone mineral density, if used for long periods. Long term use of steroids may be associated with a range of side effects such as round face, altered body shape, altered hair growth, thinning of the bones, decreased resistance to infection, increased salt and water retention, increased blood pressure and diabetes.

When should Wysolone not be used?

You should not use Wysolone 5 if you:

are allergic to prednisolone or any ingredients in Wysolone
are pregnant or are breastfeeding
have thyroid, stomach, heart, kidney or liver problems, high blood pressure, mood disorders, epilepsy, diabetes, glaucoma, osteoporosis
have any infectious disease, acute infection, systemic fungal infection, tuberculosis, uncomplicated viral hepatitis
are due to receive a vaccination with a live virus vaccine
are taking medicines that interact with Wysolone like anti-inflammatories such as; diclofenac, ibuprofen, mefenamic acidor naproxen; barbiturates, phenylbutazone, phenytoin or rifampicin, anticoagulants, insulin for diabetes
are taking diuretic medicines such as the thiazides or frusemide, these may cause increased loss of potassium when taken with Wysolone 5

What medications interact with Wysolone?

Several medications interact with Wysolone and should either not be taken while you are taking Wysolone or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:

Drugs that cause a serious reaction with Wysolone: anti-inflammatories such as; diclofenac, ibuprofen, mefenamic acidor naproxen
Drugs that affect Wysolone: rifampicin, barbiturates, phenylbutazone, phenytoin
Drugs that are affected by Wysolone: live virus vaccine may be less effective, anticoagulants, insulin for diabetes

How should Wysolone be taken?

You should take your Wysolone tablets 5mg swallowed whole with a glass of water and with food. The dose of Wysolone 5 that you take, how often and for how long depends on what you are being treated for and as recommended by your doctor. You should continue to take your Wysolone 5 for as long as recommended by your doctor and should not stop taking them suddenly; withdrawal should be gradual to reduce risk of side effects.

How long should you take Wysolone?

You should continue to take your Wysolone 5 for as long as recommended by your doctor and should not stop taking them suddenly; withdrawal should be gradual to reduce risk of side effects.

Missed dose of Wysolone

If you miss a dose of Wysolone 5 take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.

How should Wysolone be stored?

You should store your Wysolone below 25°C in a cool dry place.

Glyciphage 500mg (Metformin)

Glyciphage general information

What is Glyciphage used for?

Glyciphage tablets 500mg are an oral diabetes medication that is used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus (also called non insulin-dependent diabetes or maturity onset diabetes) who are unable to achieve adequate glycaemic control (normal blood sugar levels) with diet and exercise alone, which is a particular problem in overweight people. Glyciphage tablets 500mg can be used as first time treatment for newly diagnosed diabetics, or for patients who are not responding to an alternative medication, and can be used either alone or in combination with another oral antihyperglycaemic medication (lowers blood sugar). In some cases Glyciphage is used in conjunction with insulin in type 1 diabetes (also called insulin -dependent diabetes), where insulin alone is not enough to control blood sugar levels.

How does Glyciphage work?

Glyciphage tablets 500mg contain the active ingredient Metformin hydrochloride, which is an oral antihyperglycaemic medication belonging to the biguanide group of drugs. Metformin in Glyciphage tablets 500mg controls blood glucose (sugar) by lowering levels of glucose after a meal (posprandial) as well as keeping levels normal between meals (basal levels), by helping the body respond to insulin without increasing insulin production. Metformin in Glyciphage tablets 500mg works using three different mechanisms: decreasing glucose production in the liver, which is normally switched off when blood glucose levels are high enough; increasing sensitivity to insulin in fat and muscle tissue, where excess glucose is removed from the blood and stored; reducing absorption of glucose by the intestines form the diet. Maintaining glycaemic control with Glyciphage tablets 500mg reduces risk of serious health complications associated with diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina in the eye with loss of vision), diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage) and diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage).

What does Glyciphage contain?

Glyciphage tablets 500mg contain the active ingredient metformin, which is an oral antihyperglycaemic medication used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Treating type 2 diabetes with Glyciphage

Glyciphage tablets 500mg contain Metformin, which is an oral antihyperglycaemic medication that is used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus (also called non insulin-dependent diabetes or maturity onset diabetes) who are unable to achieve adequate glycaemic control (normal blood sugar levels) with diet and exercise alone, which is a particular problem in overweight people. Metformin in Glyciphage tablets 500mg lowers blood sugar after a meal (posprandial) as well as keeping levels normal between meals (basal levels), by helping the body respond to insulin without increasing insulin production, using three different mechanisms: decreasing glucose production in the liver, which is normally switched off when blood glucose levels are high enough; increasing sensitivity to insulin in fat and muscle tissue, where excess glucose is removed from the blood and stored; reducing absorption of glucose by the intestines form the diet. Maintaining glycaemic control with Glyciphage tablets 500mg reduces risk of serious health complications associated with diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina in the eye with loss of vision), diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage) and diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage).

What are the side effects of Glyciphage?

The most commonly reported side effects when taking Glyciphage tablets 500mg include: gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, which are usually mild and resolve spontaneously during continued treatment; metallic taste in the mouth; and skin rash. A rare and potentially life threatening side effect is lactic acidosis (a build up of lactic acid in the blood) that can occur due to accumulation of metformin, particularly if you are taking high doses of metformin above 2000mg per day, have kidney problems, drink excessive amounts of alcohol, are elderly.

When should Glyciphage not be used?

You should not use Glyciphage if you:

are allergic to metformin or any other biguanide or any ingredients in Glyciphage tablets 500mg
are pregnant or are breastfeeding without discussion with your doctor
have liver or kidney disease
have a conditions affecting renal function, like dehydration, severe infection or shock
have diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic precoma
have acute or chronic disease which may cause tissue hypoxia such as heart failure, recent myocardial infarction, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, shock, acute significant blood loss, sepsis, gangrene, pancreatitis
have a history of lactic acidosis
have a problem with alcohol
are taking medications that may interact with Glyciphage tablets 500mg including: cimetidine for reflux and ulcers, medications for high blood pressure and heart conditions like nifedipine, beta-blockers, diuretics, other diabetes medications like sulfonylureas and repaglinide, corticosteroids such as prednisone, cortisone, anticoagulants
undergoing radiological treatment with intravascular iodinated contrast agents which may lead to renal failure, resulting in metformin accumulation and a risk of lactic acidosis

What medications interact with Glyciphage

Several medications interact with Glyciphage and should either not be taken while you are taking Glyciphage or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:

Drugs that interact with Glyciphage to increase side effects: other diabetes medications like sulfonylureas and repaglinide, ACE inhibitors for high blood pressure, corticosteroids such as prednisone, cortisone
Drugs that affect Glyciphage: cimetidine for reflux and ulcers, medications for high blood pressure and heart conditions like nifedipine, beta-blockers, diuretics , thyroid medicines
Drugs that are affected by Glyciphage: anticoagulants

How should Glyciphage be taken?

You should take your Glyciphage tablets 500mg with a glass of water and with food. The dose you take and how often should be as recommended by your doctor. The usual starting dose is one tablet once, twice or 3 times daily during or immediately after a meal, to reduce stomach effects. You will have your blood sugar levels monitored and your dose may be adjusted after a few weeks, depending on how well your blood sugar levels are controlled. You should continue to take your Metformin tablets 500mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for long periods.

How long should you take Glyciphage?

You should continue to take your Glyciphage tablets 500mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for long periods.

Missed dose of Glyciphage

If you miss a dose of Glyciphage take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.

How should Glyciphage be stored?

You should store your Glyciphage tablets 500mg below 25°C in a cool dry place out of direct sunlight.

IPCA Propranolol 40mg Tablets

Ipca Propranolol general information

What is Ipca Propranolol used for?

Ipca tablets 40mg are used to treat a variety of heart conditions including control of hypertension (high blood pressure); management of angina pectoris (chest pain) due to coronary atherosclerosis.

Ipca Propranolol is also used for reducing situational and generalised anxiety, particularly the physical symptoms of anxiety (somatic), preventing migraine, management of essential tremor and as an adjunctive treatment of the management thyrotoxicosis (overactive thyroid).

Ipca Propranolol is also used as prophylaxis to prevent bleeding due to portal hypertension (high blood pressure in the portal veins from the stomach, spleen, pancreas an intestine) and esophageal varices (enlarged veins in the oesophagus); also, for hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (thickening of the heart muscle causing obstruction to blood flow).

Ipca tablets 40mg work through a common mechanism in several different body systems to manage the condition and relieve symptoms by reducing heart rate (pulse), workload on the heart (force needed to pump) and oxygen demand by the heart, which results in increased blood flow and lower blood pressure.

How does Ipca Propranolol work?

Ipca Propranolol contains propranolol, which is a nonselective beta-blocker or antagonist that binds to the beta-receptor and acts by blocking the action of chemicals called catecholamines, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), which are released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation during physical and mental stress. Adrenaline works via beta-receptors in the heart to stimulate increased heart rate and constriction (narrowing) of blood vessels.

Propranolol in Ipca tablets 40mg blocks these actions of adrenaline, to slow heart rate, dilate (widen) blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and increase blood flow and oxygen to the heart. Since beta-receptors are found in many tissues, particularly the heart, kidneys, vascular smooth muscle in blood vessel walls, lung, skeletal muscle and liver, all short-term and long-term symptom relief due to taking Ipca Propranolol, is based on blocking beta-receptors in the target tissue.

What does Ipca Propranolol contain?

Ipca Propranolol contains the active ingredient propranolol 40mg, a beta blocker that blocks the action of adrenaline, to slow heart rate and relax blood vessels, amongst other actions, and is used to treat a variety of conditions.

What are the inactive ingredients in Ipca Propranolol Tablets?

Ipca Propranolol also contains the following inactive ingredients: Sunset Yellow FCF Aluminium lake Cl15985, Lactose monohydrate, Magnesium stearate, Maize starch, Povidone, Quinoline yellow, and Sodium starch glycolate.

Treating high blood pressure (hypertension) with Ipca Propranolol

Ipca tablets 40mg contain propranolol, a beta-blocker that blocks the action of adrenaline (epinephrine); released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation (for example due to stress). Adrenaline stimulates beta-receptors in blood vessel walls, causing blood vessels to constrict (narrow) which reduces blood flow and raises blood pressure.

Ipca Propranolol is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) by widening blood vessels (vasodilation), reducing heart rate (number of heart beats) and reducing the force of the heart contraction. These actions lower blood pressure and help the heart to cope better.

Treating angina with Ipca Propranolol

Ipca Propranolol tablets contain propranolol, a beta-blocker that blocks the action of adrenaline (epinephrine); released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation (for example due to stress). Adrenaline stimulates beta-receptors in the heart muscle, which increases heart rate and the strength of muscular contraction in response to excitement/physical exertion. Ipca Propranolol is used for management of angina by reducing heart rate and force of contraction of the heart and widening blood vessels. When the heart does not have to work as hard, it requires less oxygen and the reduced workload relieves symptoms of angina, such as chest pain and breathlessness on exertion.

What are the side effects of Ipca Propranolol?

The most commonly reported side effects when taking Ipca Propranolol include, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain, bradycardia (slow heart rate), tiredness, dizziness, hypotension (low heart rate), coldness of the extremities, peripheral vasoconstriction, sleep disturbances or nightmares, hair loss, mood changes or confusion.

When should Ipca Propranolol not be used?

You should not use Ipca Propranolol if you:

are allergic to propranolol or any ingredients in Ipca Propranolol
have a history of bronchial asthma or bronchospasm
are diabetic and taking hypoglycaemic therapy as propranolol may prolong the hypoglycaemic response to insulin
have, poor peripheral blood circulation, uncontrolled heart failure, low blood pressure (hypotension), metabolic acidosis (too much acid in your blood) or a certain type of angina called Prinzmetal's angina
have a phaeochromocytoma (a rare tumour of the adrenal gland) which is not already being treated with other medicines
have certain other heart problems
are taking medication that may interact with Ipca Propranolol, including other medicines for high blood pressure angina or an irregular heartbeat such as calcium channel blockers (disopyramide) digoxin, clonidine, hydralazine, diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine; adrenaline for emergencies like anaphylaxis; ergotamine and derivatives for migraine; antiinflammatories like ibuprofen or indomethacin; cimetidine for reflux and ulcers; chlorpromazine for psychiatric disorders.

What medications interact with Ipca Propranolol?

Several medications interact with Ipca Propranolol and should either not be taken while you are taking Ipca Propranolol or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:

Drugs that cause a serious reaction with Ipca Propranolol: other medicines for high blood pressure angina or an irregular heartbeat such as calcium channel blockers (disopyramide) digoxin, clonidine, hydralazine, diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine, ergotamine and derivatives for migraine
Drugs that affect Ipca Propranolol: adrenaline for emergencies like anaphylaxis, cimetidine for reflux and ulcers, chlorpromazine for psychiatric disorders, antiinflammatories like ibuprofen or indomethacin
Drugs that are affected by Ipca Propranolol: chlorpromazine for psychiatric disorders

How should Ipca Propranolol be taken?

You should take your Ipca Propranolol tablets with a glass of water, with or without food. The number of tablets you take each day, how often you take them depends on the condition you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendations. You should continue take your Ipca Propranolol tablets every day, as instructed and if you are advised to stop taking them, withdrawal should be gradual, and treatment should not be discontinued abruptly. You should continue take your Ipca Propranolol tablets for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for a few days or weeks, depending on the condition you are being treated for.

How long should you take Ipca Propranolol?

You should continue take your Ipca Propranolol tablets for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for a few days or weeks, depending on the condition you are being treated for.

Missed dose of Ipca Propranolol

If you miss a dose of Ipca Propranolol, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.

How should Ipca Propranolol be stored?

You should store your Ipca Propranolol below 25°C in a cool dry place kept well out of reach of children.

Newven (Desvenlafaxine 100mg)

Newven general information

What is Newven used for?

Newven tablets 100mg are used to treat major depression and symptoms of depressive illness, including anxiety, loss of interest in usual activities, disturbed sleep, change in appetite, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty thinking or concentrating, and recurrent thoughts of suicide. Newven tablets 100mg are also used to treat other mood disorders that affect daily activities and relationships with others including, social anxiety disorder (Social Phobia), panic disorder (panic attacks) and generalised anxiety disorder. Newven tablets 100mg help manage the emotional and physical symptoms of depression to help improve ability to function at work, in family and social life and in leisure activities.

How does Newven work?

Newven tablets 100mg contain desvenlafaxine which is the active metabolite of venlafaxine, an antidepressant belonging to the class of drugs known as Serotonin-Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) but is structurally and chemically different to other antidepressants. Desvenlafaxine in Newven tablets 100mg acts in the brain to correct the chemical imbalance caused by a lack of certain neurotransmitters (brain chemical that allows nerve cells to communicate) that is thought to be one of the major causes of depression and other mood disorders, particularly a lack of serotonin, which controls many body activities, including regulating mood. Desvenlafaxine is a potent inhibitor of the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline, and also weakly inhibits dopamine reuptake, which means that it blocks the re-uptake of serotonin and noradrenaline from the synapse (the gap between nerve cells across which chemical messages are sent from one nerve cell to another). If the re-uptake of serotonin and noradrenaline by the first nerve cell (pre-synaptic) is blocked, this means that there is more neurotransmitter remaining for the receiving nerve cell (post-synaptic), which allows nerve cells to communicate with each other for longer. The action of Newven tablets 100mg helps relieve symptoms of depression and other mood disorders by increasing the amount of serotonin and noradrenaline in the brain, which in turn increases stimulation of nerve pathways that control mood. Newven tablets 100mg are formulated so that desvenlafaxine is released slowly into the digestive system for extended-release of the medication, to allow for a single dose per day.

What does Newven contain?

Newven tablets 100mg contain the active ingredient desvenlafaxine, an antidepressant belonging to the Serotonin-Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) that are used to treat depression and other mood disorders.

Treating depression with Newven

Newven tablets 100mg contain desvenlafaxine which is the active metabolite of venlafaxine, an antidepressant belonging to the class of drugs known as Serotonin-Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs). Newven tablets 100mg are used to treat symptoms of depression, including anxiety, loss of interest in usual activities, disturbed sleep, change in appetite, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty thinking or concentrating and recurrent thoughts of suicide. One of the major causes of depression is thought to be an imbalance of neurotransmitters (brain chemicals that allows nerve cells to communicate), particularly a lack of serotonin that controls mood. Desvenlafaxine in Newven tablets 100mg works by specifically blocking the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline from the synapse, or gap between nerve cells across which chemical messages are sent to allow nerve cell to communicate with each other. By preventing the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline by the first nerve cell (pre-synaptic) there is more neurotransmitter remaining for the receiving nerve cell (post-synaptic), so that nerve cells can communicate with each other for longer which increases stimulation of nerve pathways that control mood changes, relieving symptoms of depression.

What are the side effects of Newven?

The most commonly reported side effects when taking Newven tablets 100mg include: decreased or loss of appetite, dry mouth, diarrhoea, nausea, constipation, sleeplessness, fatigue, drowsiness, increased sweating, vasodilation (hot flashes), hypertension (increase in blood pressure), sexual problems.

When should Newven not be used?

You should not use Newven tablets 100mg if you:

are allergic to desvenlafaxine or any ingredients in Newven
are pregnant or are breastfeeding
have liver disease
have a recent history of myocardial infarction or unstable heart disease
are taking any monoamine oxidase inhibitor medications (such as phenelzine and tranylcypromine) as these can cause serious reactions if taken with Newven or within 14 days
are taking medicines that interact with Newven monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) for depression, other antidepressants, the analgesic tramadol, tryptophan, or phentermine (weight-reducing medicines), sumatriptan for migraine, the antipsychotic pimozide, herbal remedies containing St. John´s Wort, bupropion, for nicotine dependence, the antifungal ketoconazole, the antibiotic erythromycin, clozapine for schizophrenia
are taking medication that affects blood clotting as these may increase risk of bleeding if taken with Newven

What medications interact with Newven?

Several medications interact with Newven tablets 100mg and should either not be taken while you are taking Newven or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:

Drugs that cause a serious reaction with Newven: monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like phenelzine and tranylcypromine for depression, medication that affects blood clotting like warfarin
Drugs that affect Newven: the analgesic tramadol, tryptophan, or phentermine (weight-reducing medicines), sumatriptan for migraine, St John's wort, a herbal remedy used to treat mood disorders, cimetidine for reflux and ulcers, antifungal ketoconazole, the antibiotic erythromycin
Drugs that are affected by Newven: the antidepressants lithium and Imipramine, clozapine for schizophrenia, the anticoagulant warfarin

How should Newven be taken?

You should take your Newven tablets 100mg with a glass of water, swallowed whole with or without food You should take your Newven tablets 100mg swallowed whole with a glass of water, with or without food once a day, at the same time each day. Your doctor may increase your dose, depending on what you are being treated for. You should continue take your Newven tablets 100mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, depending on your condition and your doctor’s recommendations, usually for several weeks or months and you should continue your medication even if you feel well.

How long should you take Newven?

You should continue take your Newven tablets 100mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, depending on your condition and your doctor’s recommendations, usually for several weeks or months and you should continue your medication even if you feel well.

Missed dose of Newven

If you miss a dose of Newven tablets 100mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.

How should Newven be stored?

You should store your Newven tablets 100mg below 25°C in a cool dry place.

Nizonide (Nitazoxanide 500mg)

Nizonide general information

What is Nizonide used for?

Nizonide tablets 500mg are used to treat diarrhoea caused by infection with the parasitic protozoal (single cell) organism Giardia lamblia, causing Giardiasis or Cryptosporidium parvum, causing Cryptosporidiosis. Both organisims live in the intestines and are passed in the faeces and can survive outside the body for long periods of time. Infection is usually from food or water contaminated with faeces and is easily spread by contact and lack of good hygiene. Symptoms of Giardiasis usually develop 9-15 days after infection and can last up to 6 weeks; they include diarrhoea, gas, greasy stools that tend to float, stomach or abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and dehydration due to loss of fluids, although in some cases there are no symptoms. Symptoms of cryptosporidiosis usually develop 2-10 after infection and last for 1-2 weeks; they include watery diarrhoea, stomach cramps or pain, dehydration, nausea, vomiting, fever and weight loss. Nizonide tablets 500mg kill the parasite and relieve the symptoms of infection.

How does Nizonide work?

Nizonide tablets 500mg contain nitazoxanide, a thiazolide class of drug that has broad-spectrum anti-parasitic and antiviral activity, and is used as an antiprotozoal to treat giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis to relieve symptoms and clear up the parasitic infection. Nitazoxanide in Nizonide tablets 500mg and its active metabolite tizoxanide are thought to work by interfering with an enzyme activity (pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction) that promotes conversion of specific chemicals into an energy source needed for survival of the protozoal parasite. This action of nitazoxanide in Nizonide tablets 500mg inhibits growth of the parasite, which kills the parasite and prevents spread of infection, allowing symptoms of infection to clear up for both giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis. Nizonide tablets 500mg are effective for larval as well as adult stages of the lifecycle and are effective within 3 days of treatment.

What does Nizonide contain?

Nizonide tablets 500mg contain the active ingredient nitazoxanide, an antiprotozoal used to treat giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis to relieve symptoms and clear up the parasitic infection.

Treating giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis with Nizonide

Nizonide tablets 500mg contain the antiprotozoal nitazoxanide, used to treat diarrhoea caused by infection with the parasitic protozoal (single cell) organism Giardia lamblia, causing Giardiasis or Cryptosporidium parvum, causing Cryptosporidiosis. These parasitic infections are usually due to consuming food or water contaminated with faeces and are easily spread by contact and lack of good hygiene. Symptoms of Giardiasis usually develop 9-15 days after infection and can last up to 6 weeks; they include diarrhoea, gas, greasy stools that tend to float, stomach or abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and dehydration due to loss of fluids, although in some cases there are no symptoms. Symptoms of cryptosporidiosis usually develop 2-10 after infection and last for 1-2 weeks; they include watery diarrhoea, stomach cramps or pain, dehydration, nausea, vomiting, fever, weight loss. Nitazoxanide in Nizonide tablets 500mg is are thought to work by interfering with the conversion of specific chemicals into an energy source needed for the parasitic protozoal cell survival. This inhibits growth of the parasite, which kills the parasite and prevents spread of infection, allowing symptoms of infection to clear up for both giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis.

What are the side effects of Nizonide?

The most commonly reported side effects when taking Nizonide tablets 500mg include, headache, stomach pain, upset stomach, change in colour of urine.

When should Nizonide not be used?

You should not use Nizonide tablets 500mg if you:

are allergic to nitazoxanide or any ingredients in Nizonide
are pregnant or are breastfeeding
have kidney or liver disease
are taking medicines that interact with Nizonide, including warfarin, which increases risk of drug toxicity

How should Nizonide be taken?

You should take your Nizonide tablets 500mg, swallowed whole with a glass of water and with food twice daily (every 12 hours) for 3 days. Your symptoms should improve within 3 days, if not you should visit your doctor.

How long should you take Nizonide?

You should take your Nizonide tablets 500mg for 3 days and if your symptoms have not improved you should visit your doctor.

Missed dose of Nizonide

If you miss a dose of Nizonide tablets 500mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.

How should Nizonide be stored?

You should store your Nizonide tablets 500mg below 25°C in a cool dry place.

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