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Visiocare (Ciclosporin) 2mg/g Visiocare general information What is Visiocare used for? Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g is a topical ophthalmic medication for dogs, used to treat conditions that are thought to be immune mediated due to an autoimmune disease, where the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), also called dry eye, is a lack of tear production, and the most common cause of this condition is damage to the tear producing lachrymal glands by the immune system. The result is that the tear film, which is a fat and mucus based protective film does not fully cover the eye, causing the eye to dry out causing pain and inflammation. Symptoms of KCS include itching, burning, irritation, and photophobia (extreme sensitivity to light). Chronic superficial keratitis (CSK) is also an immune mediated eye condition in dogs that is most common in German Shepherds but can occur in all breeds of dog. CKS is chronic inflammation of the cornea and sclera (white of the eye), which become pigmented and infiltrated with blood vessels and immune cells and can lead to blindness. The pathogenesis of both KCS and CSK are thought to be influenced by ultraviolet radiation, particularly at high elevation, where UV is stronger. Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g reduce swelling, redness, discomfort and irritation of the eyes associated with inflammation. It also increases tear production to improve symptoms of dry eyes. How does Visiocare work? Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g contains ciclosporin, an immunosuppressant that is used to treat immune-mediated eye conditions in dogs. Cyclosporin in Visiocare eye ointment targets specific immune cells involved in the allergic and immune reaction. It works by blocking the action of T lymphocytes by inhibiting the production of certain inflammatory cytokines, specifically interleukin-2 that is produced in response to antigen activation of T lymphocytes, which in the case of autoimmune diseases are autoantigens (antigens against self). Cyclosporin in Visiocare eye ointment also blocks proliferation of these activated T-cells but has no effect on other cells of the immune system. By blocking immune mediated cell damage, Cyclosporin in Visiocare eye ointment reduces pain and inflammation associated with these eye conditions and reduces damage to the lachrymal glands, which increases tear production. Visiocare eye ointment uses microemulsification technology, which is a mixture of oil and water in combination with a surfactant, which allows the ointment to spread more readily over the surface of the eye to increase cyclosporin bioavailability. What does Visiocare contain? Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g contains the active ingredient cyclosporin, an immunosuppressant that is used to treat immune-mediated eye conditions in dogs. It also contains emulsifier. Treating immune-mediated eye conditions with Visiocare Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g contains cyclosporin, an immunosuppressant that is used to treat immune-mediated eye conditions in dogs. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), also called dry eye, caused by a lack of tear production, due to damage to the tear producing lachrymal glands. The result is that the tear film, which is a fat and mucus based protective film does not fully cover the eye, causing the eye to dry out. Symptoms of KCS include itching, burning, irritation, and photophobia (extreme sensitivity to light). Chronic superficial keratitis (CSK) is chronic inflammation of the cornea and sclera (white of the eye), which become pigmented and infiltrated with blood vessels and immune cells and can lead to blindness. Cyclosporin in Visiocare eye ointment targets specific immune cells involved in the allergic and immune reaction, and the production of certain inflammatory cytokines, specifically interleukin-2 that is produced by antigen activated T lymphocytes. Cyclosporin in Visiocare eye ointment also blocks proliferation of these activated T-cells but has no effect on other cells of the immune system. Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g reduce swelling, redness, discomfort and irritation of the eyes associated with inflammation. It also increases tear production to improve symptoms of dry eyes. What are the side effects of Visiocare? The most commonly reported side effects when taking Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g include redness and irritation at the site of application, causing your dog to blink and rub the eye. When should Visiocare not be used? You should not use give Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g to your dog if your dog: is allergic to cyclosporin or any ingredients in Visiocare is pregnant or lactating has a fungal or viral infection as Visiocare eye ointment may worsen or prolong the infection has corneal ulcers as Visiocare eye ointment may delay healing are taking medicines that interact with Visiocare like topical coticorsteroids, without discussion and instruction from your veterinarian How should Visiocare be taken? You should apply your Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g to your dogs’ eye by tilting the head back and squeezing a small strip of ointment into the conjunctival sac. You should apply Visiocare eye ointment to your dog’s eye twice daily every 12 hours, morning and evening and for long term as it will help improve symptoms but will not cure your dog’s condition. How long should you use Visiocare? You should apply Visiocare eye ointment to your dog’s eye long term as it will help improve symptoms but will not cure your dog’s condition. Missed dose of Visiocare If you miss a dose of Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g apply it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to apply the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not apply a double dose. How should Visiocare be stored? You should store your Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g below 25°C in a cool dry place.
Bioclan (Clindamycin 25mg/ml) Bioclan general information What is Bioclan used for? Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml is an antibiotic medication used for the treatment of serious bacterial infections in cats and dogs caused by susceptible bacteria. These include superficial pyoderma (superficial skin infection), wounds and abscesses, infected mouth cavity and dental infections; also to prevent infection due to dental surgery. In dogs Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml/ml is also used to treat osteomyelitis (infection of the bone or bone marrow), which may be caused by an infection from another part of the body reaching the bone through the blood, or the bone may become infected from an accident involving the bone. Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml is specially formulated for treatment of bacterial infections in dogs and cats. How does Bioclan work? Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml contains clindamycin, a lincosamide antibiotic with bacteriostatic action that is used to treat a wide range of serious bacterial infections in cats and dogs. Clindamycin in Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml is effective against a range of sensitive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and intermedius, Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella melaninogenicus, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Clostridium perfringens. Clindamycin in Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml works by binding to the bacterial ribosome, a structure involved in protein synthesis and this inhibits the early stages of bacterial protein synthesis, so that the bacteria cannot make important proteins required for survival of the bacteria, which inhibits bacterial growth and prevents the spread of infection. Clindamycin in Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml is lipid soluble and therefore, penetrates many body fluids and tissues, such as soft tissue, bone and joints; it also penetrates biofilms found in dental and bone infections. It is rapidly absorbed and concentrates in the white blood cells at the site of infection. What does Bioclan contain? Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml contain the active ingredient clindamycin hydrochloride, an antibiotic that is used to treat a wide range of serious bacterial infections in cats and dogs. It also contains isopropyl alcohol. Treating bacterial infection with Bioclan Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml contains clindamycin, an antibiotic that is used to treat a wide range of serious bacterial infections in cats and dogs. These include superficial pyoderma (superficial skin infection), wounds and abscesses, infected mouth cavity and dental infections; also to prevent infection due to dental surgery. In dogs Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml is also used to treat osteomyelitis (infection of the bone). Clindamycin in Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml works by binding to the bacterial ribosome, a structure involved in protein synthesis and this inhibits the early stages of bacterial protein synthesis, so that the bacteria cannot make important proteins required for survival of the bacteria, which inhibits bacterial growth and prevents the spread of infection. What are the side effects of Bioclan? The most commonly reported side effects when taking Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml include vomiting and diarrhoea. Clindamycin may cause overgrowth of non-sensitive organisms like yeast and the toxin-producing bacterium clostridium in the intestines, which can cause intestinal problems. When should Bioclan not be given? You should not give Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml to your pet if your pet: is allergic to clindamycin or any ingredients in Bioclan is pregnant or lactating has kidney or liver disease is taking medicines that interact with Bioclan including the antibiotic erythromycin; neuromuscular blockers How should Bioclan be given? You should give your pet Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml once or twice daily depending on what they are being treated for using the calibrated dosing syringe provided, and the dose given should be according to body weight. You should continue to give Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml for as long as recommended by your veterinary professional which ranges from 14-28 days, depending on what your pet is being treated for. Dosage for dogs: For general infection: 5.5 -33 mg/kg (2.5-15mg/lb) every 12 hours for a maximum of 28 days, discontinue if no effect within 3-4 days For osteomyelitis: 11 -33mg/kg (5-15mg/lb) every 12 hours for a maximum of 28 days. Dosage for cats: For general infection: 11 -33mg/kg (5-15mg/lb) every 24 hours for a maximum of 14 days, discontinue if no effect within 3-4 days. How long should you take Bioclan? You should continue to give Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml for as long as recommended by your veterinary professional which ranges from 14-28 days, depending on what your pet is being treated for. Missed dose of Bioclan If you miss a dose of Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml give it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to give the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not give a double dose. How should Bioclan be stored? You should store your Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml below 25°C in a cool dry place.
Itrazole 100mg (Itraconazole) Itrazole general information What is Itrazole used for? Itrazole capsules 100mg are used to treat a variety of superficial and systemic fungal infections in various parts of the body. Fungal infections that Itrazole 100 is used for include: Persistent infections of the skin with pityriasis versicolor, which caused by the yeast-like fungus malassezia and characterised by rash and patches of flaky skin on the trunk, neck or arms. Persistent infections with the fungus tinea (also called ringworm) in various parts of the body including the body (tinea corporis), foot (tinea pedis) and groin (tinea cruris or jock itch). Candidiasis (thrush) of the mucus membranes such as in the mouth and vagina, also of the skin. Persistent infections of the vagina with the yeast candida (candidiasis). Infection of the nail (onychomycosis) with yeast or dermatophyte fungi like tinea. Fungal keratitis, an infection of the cornea of the eye by mould fungi like aspergillus or the yeast Candida, resulting in inflammation. Systemic fungal infections that can affect internal organs such as histoplasmosis a rare systemic fungal infection from inhalation of a soil fungus into the lung causing flu-like symptoms; also aspergillosis, a lung infection caused by breathing in spores of the mould fungus aspergillus. These systemic fungal infections are more common in people who are immunocompromised. How does Itrazole work? Itrazole capsules 100mg contain itraconazole broad-spectrum antifungal drug belonging to the triazole group of antifungals. Itraconazole in Itrazole capsules 100mg is a potent and specific inhibitor of fungal enzymes necessary for the synthesis of ergosterol, an important component of fungal cell membrane that is not found in animal cells. A lack of ergosterol weakens the fungal cell membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out, which kills the fungus. This prevents the infection from spreading, relieving symptoms caused by the infection, including, itching and inflammation. What does Itrazole contain? Itrazole capsules 100mg contain the active ingredient itraconazole a broad-spectrum antifungal drug, used to treat and prevent a variety of fungal infections. They also contain sugar spheres, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, sorbitan stearate, hydrated silica colloidal, titanium dioxide, red iron oxide and gelatin and opacode S-1-7078 White. Treating fungal infections with with Itrazole Itrazole capsules 100mg contain itraconazole, a broad-spectrum antifungal drug that is used to treat a wide range of superficial and systemic fungal infections, caused by a variety of susceptible fungal species. Itrazole capsules 100mg specifically inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol, an important component of fungal cell membrane, which kills the fungus and stops it spreading; relieving the itching, scaling and other more severe symptoms caused by the fungal infection. Fungal infections that can be treated with Itrazole capsules 100mg include: Persistent infections of the skin with pityriasis versicolor, which caused by the yeast-like fungus malassezia and characterised by rash and patches of flaky skin on the trunk, neck or arms. Persistent infections with the fungus tinea (also called ringworm) in various parts of the body including the body (tinea corporis), foot (tinea pedis) and groin (tinea cruris or jock itch). Candidiasis (thrush) of the mucus membranes such as in the mouth and vagina, also of the skin. Persistent infections of the vagina with the yeast candida (candidiasis). Infection of the nail (onychomycosis) with yeast or dermatophyte fungi like tinea. Fungal keratitis, an infection of the cornea of the eye by mould fungi like aspergillus or the yeast Candida, resulting in inflammation. Systemic fungal infections that can affect internal organs such as histoplasmosis a rare systemic fungal infection from inhalation of a soil fungus into the lung causing flu-like symptoms; also aspergillosis, a lung infection caused by breathing in spores of the mould fungus Aspergillus. These systemic fungal infections are more common in people who are immunocompromised. Itrazole for thrush Itrazole capsules 100mg contain itraconazole, a synthetic broad-spectrum antifungal agent that is used to treat a variety of fungal infections including thrush or candidiasis, which is caused by the yeast candida albicans. Although any site on the body can become infected with candida, including the gastrointestinal tract, the most common site of infection are the mucous membranes of the mouth and vagina, with symptoms including creamy/white lesions or discharge and itching or irritation. Itrazole capsules 100mg specifically inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol, an important component of fungal cell membrane, which kills the fungus and stops it spreading. In this way Itrazole capsules 100mg relieves the symptoms of thrush in all its locations, and prevents constant reinfection in chronic recurrent vaginal thrush. What are the side effects of Itrazole? The most commonly reported side effects when taking Itrazole capsules 100mg include: upset stomach, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, skin rash, headache, constipation, dizziness, menstrual disorders. When should Itrazole not be used? You should not use Itrazole capsules 100mg if you: are allergic to itraconazole or any other azole drug or any ingredients in Itrazole are pregnant or are breastfeeding, without discussion with your doctor have kidney or liver disease are taking medicines that interact with Itrazole, including, the antiviral rifampicin, rifabutin or zidovudine; terfenadine or astemizole for allergy, cisapride for reflux, the anticonvulsant phenytoin, the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide, medicines for diabetes such as glipizide, tolbutamide or glibenclamide, theophylline for asthma, the immunosuppressants tacrolimus and cyclosporine, some benzodiazepines such as midazolam, cholesterol lowering drugs like simvastatin and lovastatin, ergotamine for migraine or ergometrine to prevent bleeding after childbirth, the calcium channel blocker nisoldipine for high blood pressure and angina, the antibiotics clarithromycin and erythromycin, the antipsychotic pimozide What medications interact with Itrazole? Several medications interact with Itrazole and should either not be taken while you are taking Itrazole or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor: Drugs that cause a serious reaction with Itrazole: cisapride for reflux can cause heart problems Drugs that affect Itrazole: the anticonvulsant phenytoin, the antiviral rifampicin, rifabutin or zidovudine; the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide, the antibiotics clarithromycin and erythromycin Drugs that are affected by Itrazole: medicines for diabetes such as glipizide, tolbutamide or glibenclamide; theophylline for asthma, immunosuppressants tacrolimus and cyclosporine, some benzodiazepines such as midazolam, cholesterol lowering drugs like simvastatin and lovastatin, ergot alkaloids like ergotamine for migraine or ergometrine to prevent bleeding after childbirth, the calcium channel blocker nisoldipine for high blood pressure and angina, the antipsychotic pimozide How should Itrazole be taken? You should take your Itrazole capsules 100mg swallowed whole with a glass of water and with food once or twice daily depending on what you are being treated and on your doctor’s recommendations. The dose you take and for how long depends on the type and severity of your infection and your doctor’s recommendations. You should always finish your course of Itrazole capsules 100mg, which may be for a few days or weeks, if not, the infection may not clear up completely. How long should you take Itrazole? You should always finish your course of Itrazole capsules 100mg, which may be for a few days or weeks, if not, the infection may not clear up completely. Missed dose of Itrazole If you miss a dose of Itrazole capsules 100mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose. How should Itrazole be stored? You should store your Itrazole below 25°C in a cool dry place.
Armour Thyroid 1 Grain (60mg) Armour Thyroid general information What is Armour Thyroid used for? Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets are used to treat hypothyroidism or underactive thyroid, a condition in which the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone needed to regulate your body’s growth and metabolism. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets are a natural replacement hormone, derived from pig thyroid gland, containing both forms of thyroid hormone (T3 and T4), which help to relieve the symptoms of hypothyroidism, including, tiredness, muscle weakness, cramps, feeling the cold, a slow heart rate, dry and flaky skin, hair loss, a deep husky voice and weight gain. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets can also be used to help treat hypothyroidism caused by surgical removal of, or damage to the thyroid gland, as well as treating thyroid goitre (enlarged thyroid glands) and thyroid cancer. Another used for Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets is for a suppression test, to test for thyroid activity. How does Armour Thyroid work? Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets consist of an extract produced from pig thyroid glands which contains both forms of thyroid hormone; thyroxine (levothyroxine or T4) and liothyronine (L-triiodothyronine or T3). Thyroxine (T4) is converted to the more active form of thyroid hormone (T3) in the liver, kidney and other tissues of the body and T3 interacts with a specific receptor inside cells to stimulate proteins needed to manage and control a variety of processes, including how the body regulates temperature, metabolises nutrients and controls growth and development. Thyroid hormones regulate the production by the pituitary gland of another hormone called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which in turn controls how much thyroid hormone is produced. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets regulate TSH production in the same way and this is how it works when used for treating thyroid goitre or thyroid cancer by suppressing TSH production. What does Armour Thyroid contain? Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets contain a dessicated (dried) extract of pig thyroid glands, which contains both forms of thyroid hormone; thyroxine (levothyroxine or T4) and liothyronine (L-triiodothyronine or T3) in the ratio 4.22:1 of T4 to T3, as T3 is approximately four times as potent as T4 on a microgram for microgram basis. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets also contain dextrose, anhydrous microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, calcium stearate, opadry wehite (titanium dioxide used as a whitening agent) What doses of Armour Thyroid are available? Armour Thyroid tablets are available in the following strengths: 15mg thyroid extract (¼ grain) contains 9.5mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 2.25mcg liothyronine (T3) 30mg thyroid extract (½ grain) contains 19mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 3.5mcg liothyronine (T3) 60mg thyroid extract (1 grain) contains 38mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 9mcg liothyronine (T3) 90mg thyroid extract (1½ grain) contains 57mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 13.5mcg liothyronine (T3) 120mg thyroid extract (2 grain) contains 76mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 18mcg liothyronine (T3) 180mg thyroid extract (3 grain) contains 114mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 27mcg liothyronine (T3) Treating underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) with Armour Thyroid Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets consist of an extract produced from pig thyroid glands which contains both forms of thyroid hormone; thyroxine (levothyroxine or T4) and liothyronine (L-triiodothyronine or T3) and substitutes for the lack of thyroid hormone in hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland) needed to regulate normal growth and metabolism. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets are used to treat the symptoms of hypothyroidism, including, tiredness, muscle weakness, cramps, feeling the cold, a slow heart rate, dry and flaky skin, hair loss, a deep husky voice and weight gain. What is the difference between natural and synthetic thyroid hormones? Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets contain an extract produced from pig thyroid glands which contains both forms of thyroid hormone; thyroxine (levothyroxine or T4) and liothyronine (L-triiodothyronine or T3). These hormones are therefore natural hormones compared to synthesised hormones found in some other preparations of thyroid medication. Both natural and synthetic hormones work in the same way to treat thyroid disease. What are the side effects of Armour Thyroid? Most of the side effects experienced with taking Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets indicate that your dose is too high and may need adjusting. These include: headache, sleep problems (insomnia), feeling nervous or irritable sweating, flushing, appetite changes, weight loss, muscle weakness/cramps, tremors. When should Armour Thyroid not be used? You should not use Armour Thyroid if you: are allergic to thyroid hormones or any of the ingredients in Armour Thyroid tablets are looking for a treatment for obesity or to help you lose weight; this is not a weight loss product have thyrotoxicosis (untreated high thyroid hormone levels) or adrenal gland problems are pregnant, planning to become pregnant or breast-feeding have a history of chest pain, heart attack, heart blood vessel problems, or other heart problems are a diabetic taking antidiabetics or insulin, without discussion with your doctor, as Armour Thyroid may affect your glucose tolerance are taking other medications that may interact with Armour Thyroid, such as anticonvulsants like phenytoin and carbamazepin, cardiac glycosides like digoxin, cholesterol-lowing drugs containing cholestyramine, antidepressants, anticoagulants What medications interact with Armour Thyroid? Several medications interact with Armour Thyroid and should either not be taken while you are taking Armour Thyroid or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor: Drugs that decrease effectiveness of Armour Thyroid: antacids that contains aluminum or calcium or sucralfate (should be taken at least 4 hours apart from thyroid hormones); cholesterol-lowing drugs containing cholestyramine colestipol (should be taken at least 4 hours apart from thyroid hormones); iron supplement and vitamins with iron (should be taken at least 4 hours apart from thyroid hormones); oestrogen replacement product or birth control pills Drugs that are affected by Armour Thyroid: anticoagulants, like warfarin because the risk of bleeding may be increased; insulin or an oral diabetes medication such as acarbose glipizide glyburide metformin How should Armour Thyroid be taken? Armour Thyroid should be taken with water on an empty stomach, preferably 30 minutes before a meal. The dose of Armour Thyroid that you take should be as recommended by your doctor. The usual starting dose is 30 mg Armour Thyroid, with increments of 15 mg every 2 to 3 weeks, depending on the levels of T3 and T4 measured in the blood during treatment, so blood monitoring is important while you are taking Armour Thyroid. It usually takes several weeks to see normal levels of blood thyroid hormone levels after starting treatment and you may need to take Armour Thyroid for the rest of your life. How long should you take Armour Thyroid Since Armour Thyroid tablets are used to replace a thyroid hormone deficiency this is a long-term treatment and may be for the rest of your life. Missed dose of Armour Thyroid If you miss a dose of Armour Thyroid take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose. How should Armour Thyroid be stored? Keep your Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets in the bottle until it is time to take one. Store in a cool dry place away from light where the temperature stays below 25°C.
Carodyl 100 (Carprofen 100mg) Carodyl general information What is Carodyl used for? Carodyl chewable tablets 100mg are a medication used for dogs to treat and manage the pain and inflammation that can be caused by osteoarthritis. Many dogs suffer from osteoarthritis, particularly as they age. Osteoarthritis is caused by wear and tear of the joints and can cause pain, swelling and stiffness, particularly in the legs, hips and backbone, which can restrict your dog’s activity and cause lameness. Carodyl 100 can help relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis and improve your dog’s mobility. Carodyl 100 is also used to reduce pain following orthopaedic and soft tissue surgery in dogs. Carodyl 100 are intended for use for dogs only and should not be given to cats or other pets. How does Carodyl work? Carodyl chewable tablets 100mg contain carprofen a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) belonging to the propionic acid class that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic (pain relief) and antipyretic (reduces fever) properties. NSAIDs inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsible for the production of chemicals called prostaglandins, which are mediators of a variety of cellular processes as well as inflammation. There are two COX enzymes, COX1 which is needed for normal cell functions and COX-2 which is involved in the inflammatory process. Carprofen in Carodyl 100 acts specifically on the inhibition of COX-2 resulting in anti-inflammatory activity which relieves the pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints caused by osteoarthritis. Carodyl 100 are available as meaty flavoured chewable tablets that are more palatable and easier for dogs to swallow. What does Carodyl contain? Carodyl chewable tablets 100mg contains the active ingredient carprofen a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to treat pain and inflammation due to osteoarthritis and surgery in dogs. Treating osteoarthritis with Carodyl Carodyl 100 contains carprofen a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat dogs to help manage the pain and inflammation caused by osteoarthritis. Many dogs suffer from osteoarthritis, particularly as they age. Osteoarthritis is caused by wear and tear of the joints causing pain, swelling and stiffness, particularly in the legs, hips and backbone, which can restrict your dog’s activity and cause lameness. Carprofen in Carodyl 100 specifically inhibits the COX-2 enzyme responsible for the production of chemicals called prostaglandins, which are mediators of inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activity of carprofen in Carodyl 100 relieves the pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints caused by osteoarthritis. What are the side effects of Carodyl? The most commonly reported side effects when taking Carodyl 100 include; vomiting, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, lethargy and behavioural changes. When should Carodyl not be used? You should not use Carodyl 100 if your dog: has a sensitivity reaction to carprofen or any other NSAID or any ingredients in Carodyl is younger than 6 months is pregnant or lactating has a heart condition, liver or kidney disease or bleeding disorders has been given other NSAID medication, corticosteroids, some heart drugs (ACE inhibitors), some drugs for seizure control How should Carodyl be given? You should give your dog Carodyl 100 chewable tablets by mouth and with food. The recommended dose is 2-4mg per kg body weight (2.2lb) per day given in two equally divided doses. The same dose may be reduced to once daily after 7 days, depending on your dog’s response and your veterinarian’s recommendation. You should see signs of improvement within a few days. You should continue to give Carodyl 100 to your dog for as long as recommended by your veterinarian, which may be long term, as Carodyl 100 will help relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis in your dog but will not cure your dog’s condition. Dosage: 10-14kg (22-30lb) 50mg in half tablet 18-27kg (39.6-59.5) 100mg in one tablet 27-41kg (59.6-90lb) 150mg in one and a half tablets 41-55kg (90-121lb) 200mg in two tablets How long should you give Carodyl? You should continue to give Carodyl 100 to your dog for as long as recommended by your veterinarian, which may be long term, as. Carodyl 100 will help relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis in your dog but will not cure your dog’s condition. Missed dose of Carodyl If you miss a dose of Carodyl 100 give it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to give the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not give a double dose. How should Carodyl be stored? You should store your Carodyl 100 below 25°C in a cool dry place and protect from light.

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Visiocare general information

What is Visiocare used for?

Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g is a topical ophthalmic medication for dogs, used to treat conditions that are thought to be immune mediated due to an autoimmune disease, where the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), also called dry eye, is a lack of tear production, and the most common cause of this condition is damage to the tear producing lachrymal glands by the immune system. The result is that the tear film, which is a fat and mucus based protective film does not fully cover the eye, causing the eye to dry out causing pain and inflammation. Symptoms of KCS include itching, burning, irritation, and photophobia (extreme sensitivity to light). Chronic superficial keratitis (CSK) is also an immune mediated eye condition in dogs that is most common in German Shepherds but can occur in all breeds of dog. CKS is chronic inflammation of the cornea and sclera (white of the eye), which become pigmented and infiltrated with blood vessels and immune cells and can lead to blindness. The pathogenesis of both KCS and CSK are thought to be influenced by ultraviolet radiation, particularly at high elevation, where UV is stronger. Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g reduce swelling, redness, discomfort and irritation of the eyes associated with inflammation. It also increases tear production to improve symptoms of dry eyes.

How does Visiocare work?

Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g contains ciclosporin, an immunosuppressant that is used to treat immune-mediated eye conditions in dogs. Cyclosporin in Visiocare eye ointment targets specific immune cells involved in the allergic and immune reaction. It works by blocking the action of T lymphocytes by inhibiting the production of certain inflammatory cytokines, specifically interleukin-2 that is produced in response to antigen activation of T lymphocytes, which in the case of autoimmune diseases are autoantigens (antigens against self). Cyclosporin in Visiocare eye ointment also blocks proliferation of these activated T-cells but has no effect on other cells of the immune system. By blocking immune mediated cell damage, Cyclosporin in Visiocare eye ointment reduces pain and inflammation associated with these eye conditions and reduces damage to the lachrymal glands, which increases tear production. Visiocare eye ointment uses microemulsification technology, which is a mixture of oil and water in combination with a surfactant, which allows the ointment to spread more readily over the surface of the eye to increase cyclosporin bioavailability.

What does Visiocare contain?

Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g contains the active ingredient cyclosporin, an immunosuppressant that is used to treat immune-mediated eye conditions in dogs. It also contains emulsifier.

Treating immune-mediated eye conditions with Visiocare

Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g contains cyclosporin, an immunosuppressant that is used to treat immune-mediated eye conditions in dogs. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), also called dry eye, caused by a lack of tear production, due to damage to the tear producing lachrymal glands. The result is that the tear film, which is a fat and mucus based protective film does not fully cover the eye, causing the eye to dry out. Symptoms of KCS include itching, burning, irritation, and photophobia (extreme sensitivity to light). Chronic superficial keratitis (CSK) is chronic inflammation of the cornea and sclera (white of the eye), which become pigmented and infiltrated with blood vessels and immune cells and can lead to blindness. Cyclosporin in Visiocare eye ointment targets specific immune cells involved in the allergic and immune reaction, and the production of certain inflammatory cytokines, specifically interleukin-2 that is produced by antigen activated T lymphocytes. Cyclosporin in Visiocare eye ointment also blocks proliferation of these activated T-cells but has no effect on other cells of the immune system. Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g reduce swelling, redness, discomfort and irritation of the eyes associated with inflammation. It also increases tear production to improve symptoms of dry eyes.

What are the side effects of Visiocare?

The most commonly reported side effects when taking Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g include redness and irritation at the site of application, causing your dog to blink and rub the eye.

When should Visiocare not be used?

You should not use give Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g to your dog if your dog:

is allergic to cyclosporin or any ingredients in Visiocare
is pregnant or lactating
has a fungal or viral infection as Visiocare eye ointment may worsen or prolong the infection
has corneal ulcers as Visiocare eye ointment may delay healing
are taking medicines that interact with Visiocare like topical coticorsteroids, without discussion and instruction from your veterinarian

How should Visiocare be taken?

You should apply your Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g to your dogs’ eye by tilting the head back and squeezing a small strip of ointment into the conjunctival sac. You should apply Visiocare eye ointment to your dog’s eye twice daily every 12 hours, morning and evening and for long term as it will help improve symptoms but will not cure your dog’s condition.

How long should you use Visiocare?

You should apply Visiocare eye ointment to your dog’s eye long term as it will help improve symptoms but will not cure your dog’s condition.

Missed dose of Visiocare

If you miss a dose of Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g apply it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to apply the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not apply a double dose.

How should Visiocare be stored?

You should store your Visiocare eye ointment 2mg/g below 25°C in a cool dry place.

Bioclan (Clindamycin 25mg/ml)

Bioclan general information

What is Bioclan used for?

Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml is an antibiotic medication used for the treatment of serious bacterial infections in cats and dogs caused by susceptible bacteria. These include superficial pyoderma (superficial skin infection), wounds and abscesses, infected mouth cavity and dental infections; also to prevent infection due to dental surgery. In dogs Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml/ml is also used to treat osteomyelitis (infection of the bone or bone marrow), which may be caused by an infection from another part of the body reaching the bone through the blood, or the bone may become infected from an accident involving the bone. Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml is specially formulated for treatment of bacterial infections in dogs and cats.

How does Bioclan work?

Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml contains clindamycin, a lincosamide antibiotic with bacteriostatic action that is used to treat a wide range of serious bacterial infections in cats and dogs. Clindamycin in Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml is effective against a range of sensitive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and intermedius, Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella melaninogenicus, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Clostridium perfringens. Clindamycin in Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml works by binding to the bacterial ribosome, a structure involved in protein synthesis and this inhibits the early stages of bacterial protein synthesis, so that the bacteria cannot make important proteins required for survival of the bacteria, which inhibits bacterial growth and prevents the spread of infection. Clindamycin in Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml is lipid soluble and therefore, penetrates many body fluids and tissues, such as soft tissue, bone and joints; it also penetrates biofilms found in dental and bone infections. It is rapidly absorbed and concentrates in the white blood cells at the site of infection.

What does Bioclan contain?

Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml contain the active ingredient clindamycin hydrochloride, an antibiotic that is used to treat a wide range of serious bacterial infections in cats and dogs. It also contains isopropyl alcohol.

Treating bacterial infection with Bioclan

Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml contains clindamycin, an antibiotic that is used to treat a wide range of serious bacterial infections in cats and dogs. These include superficial pyoderma (superficial skin infection), wounds and abscesses, infected mouth cavity and dental infections; also to prevent infection due to dental surgery. In dogs Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml is also used to treat osteomyelitis (infection of the bone). Clindamycin in Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml works by binding to the bacterial ribosome, a structure involved in protein synthesis and this inhibits the early stages of bacterial protein synthesis, so that the bacteria cannot make important proteins required for survival of the bacteria, which inhibits bacterial growth and prevents the spread of infection.

What are the side effects of Bioclan?

The most commonly reported side effects when taking Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml include vomiting and diarrhoea. Clindamycin may cause overgrowth of non-sensitive organisms like yeast and the toxin-producing bacterium clostridium in the intestines, which can cause intestinal problems.

When should Bioclan not be given?

You should not give Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml to your pet if your pet:

is allergic to clindamycin or any ingredients in Bioclan
is pregnant or lactating
has kidney or liver disease
is taking medicines that interact with Bioclan including the antibiotic erythromycin; neuromuscular blockers

How should Bioclan be given?

You should give your pet Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml once or twice daily depending on what they are being treated for using the calibrated dosing syringe provided, and the dose given should be according to body weight. You should continue to give Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml for as long as recommended by your veterinary professional which ranges from 14-28 days, depending on what your pet is being treated for.

Dosage for dogs:

For general infection: 5.5 -33 mg/kg (2.5-15mg/lb) every 12 hours for a maximum of 28 days, discontinue if no effect within 3-4 days

For osteomyelitis: 11 -33mg/kg (5-15mg/lb) every 12 hours for a maximum of 28 days.

Dosage for cats:

For general infection: 11 -33mg/kg (5-15mg/lb) every 24 hours for a maximum of 14 days, discontinue if no effect within 3-4 days.

How long should you take Bioclan?

You should continue to give Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml for as long as recommended by your veterinary professional which ranges from 14-28 days, depending on what your pet is being treated for.

Missed dose of Bioclan

If you miss a dose of Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml give it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to give the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not give a double dose.

How should Bioclan be stored?

You should store your Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml below 25°C in a cool dry place.

Itrazole 100mg (Itraconazole)

Itrazole general information

What is Itrazole used for?

Itrazole capsules 100mg are used to treat a variety of superficial and systemic fungal infections in various parts of the body. Fungal infections that Itrazole 100 is used for include:

Persistent infections of the skin with pityriasis versicolor, which caused by the yeast-like fungus malassezia and characterised by rash and patches of flaky skin on the trunk, neck or arms.
Persistent infections with the fungus tinea (also called ringworm) in various parts of the body including the body (tinea corporis), foot (tinea pedis) and groin (tinea cruris or jock itch).
Candidiasis (thrush) of the mucus membranes such as in the mouth and vagina, also of the skin.
Persistent infections of the vagina with the yeast candida (candidiasis).
Infection of the nail (onychomycosis) with yeast or dermatophyte fungi like tinea.
Fungal keratitis, an infection of the cornea of the eye by mould fungi like aspergillus or the yeast Candida, resulting in inflammation.
Systemic fungal infections that can affect internal organs such as histoplasmosis a rare systemic fungal infection from inhalation of a soil fungus into the lung causing flu-like symptoms; also aspergillosis, a lung infection caused by breathing in spores of the mould fungus aspergillus. These systemic fungal infections are more common in people who are immunocompromised.

How does Itrazole work?

Itrazole capsules 100mg contain itraconazole broad-spectrum antifungal drug belonging to the triazole group of antifungals. Itraconazole in Itrazole capsules 100mg is a potent and specific inhibitor of fungal enzymes necessary for the synthesis of ergosterol, an important component of fungal cell membrane that is not found in animal cells. A lack of ergosterol weakens the fungal cell membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out, which kills the fungus. This prevents the infection from spreading, relieving symptoms caused by the infection, including, itching and inflammation.

What does Itrazole contain?

Itrazole capsules 100mg contain the active ingredient itraconazole a broad-spectrum antifungal drug, used to treat and prevent a variety of fungal infections. They also contain sugar spheres, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, sorbitan stearate, hydrated silica colloidal, titanium dioxide, red iron oxide and gelatin and opacode S-1-7078 White.

Treating fungal infections with with Itrazole

Itrazole capsules 100mg contain itraconazole, a broad-spectrum antifungal drug that is used to treat a wide range of superficial and systemic fungal infections, caused by a variety of susceptible fungal species. Itrazole capsules 100mg specifically inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol, an important component of fungal cell membrane, which kills the fungus and stops it spreading; relieving the itching, scaling and other more severe symptoms caused by the fungal infection. Fungal infections that can be treated with Itrazole capsules 100mg include:

Persistent infections of the skin with pityriasis versicolor, which caused by the yeast-like fungus malassezia and characterised by rash and patches of flaky skin on the trunk, neck or arms.
Persistent infections with the fungus tinea (also called ringworm) in various parts of the body including the body (tinea corporis), foot (tinea pedis) and groin (tinea cruris or jock itch).
Candidiasis (thrush) of the mucus membranes such as in the mouth and vagina, also of the skin.
Persistent infections of the vagina with the yeast candida (candidiasis).
Infection of the nail (onychomycosis) with yeast or dermatophyte fungi like tinea.
Fungal keratitis, an infection of the cornea of the eye by mould fungi like aspergillus or the yeast Candida, resulting in inflammation.
Systemic fungal infections that can affect internal organs such as histoplasmosis a rare systemic fungal infection from inhalation of a soil fungus into the lung causing flu-like symptoms; also aspergillosis, a lung infection caused by breathing in spores of the mould fungus Aspergillus. These systemic fungal infections are more common in people who are immunocompromised.

Itrazole for thrush

Itrazole capsules 100mg contain itraconazole, a synthetic broad-spectrum antifungal agent that is used to treat a variety of fungal infections including thrush or candidiasis, which is caused by the yeast candida albicans. Although any site on the body can become infected with candida, including the gastrointestinal tract, the most common site of infection are the mucous membranes of the mouth and vagina, with symptoms including creamy/white lesions or discharge and itching or irritation. Itrazole capsules 100mg specifically inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol, an important component of fungal cell membrane, which kills the fungus and stops it spreading. In this way Itrazole capsules 100mg relieves the symptoms of thrush in all its locations, and prevents constant reinfection in chronic recurrent vaginal thrush.

What are the side effects of Itrazole?

The most commonly reported side effects when taking Itrazole capsules 100mg include: upset stomach, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, skin rash, headache, constipation, dizziness, menstrual disorders.

When should Itrazole not be used?

You should not use Itrazole capsules 100mg if you:

are allergic to itraconazole or any other azole drug or any ingredients in Itrazole
are pregnant or are breastfeeding, without discussion with your doctor
have kidney or liver disease
are taking medicines that interact with Itrazole, including, the antiviral rifampicin, rifabutin or zidovudine; terfenadine or astemizole for allergy, cisapride for reflux, the anticonvulsant phenytoin, the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide, medicines for diabetes such as glipizide, tolbutamide or glibenclamide, theophylline for asthma, the immunosuppressants tacrolimus and cyclosporine, some benzodiazepines such as midazolam, cholesterol lowering drugs like simvastatin and lovastatin, ergotamine for migraine or ergometrine to prevent bleeding after childbirth, the calcium channel blocker nisoldipine for high blood pressure and angina, the antibiotics clarithromycin and erythromycin, the antipsychotic pimozide

What medications interact with Itrazole?

Several medications interact with Itrazole and should either not be taken while you are taking Itrazole or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:

Drugs that cause a serious reaction with Itrazole: cisapride for reflux can cause heart problems
Drugs that affect Itrazole: the anticonvulsant phenytoin, the antiviral rifampicin, rifabutin or zidovudine; the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide, the antibiotics clarithromycin and erythromycin
Drugs that are affected by Itrazole: medicines for diabetes such as glipizide, tolbutamide or glibenclamide; theophylline for asthma, immunosuppressants tacrolimus and cyclosporine, some benzodiazepines such as midazolam, cholesterol lowering drugs like simvastatin and lovastatin, ergot alkaloids like ergotamine for migraine or ergometrine to prevent bleeding after childbirth, the calcium channel blocker nisoldipine for high blood pressure and angina, the antipsychotic pimozide

How should Itrazole be taken?

You should take your Itrazole capsules 100mg swallowed whole with a glass of water and with food once or twice daily depending on what you are being treated and on your doctor’s recommendations. The dose you take and for how long depends on the type and severity of your infection and your doctor’s recommendations. You should always finish your course of Itrazole capsules 100mg, which may be for a few days or weeks, if not, the infection may not clear up completely.

How long should you take Itrazole?

You should always finish your course of Itrazole capsules 100mg, which may be for a few days or weeks, if not, the infection may not clear up completely.

Missed dose of Itrazole

If you miss a dose of Itrazole capsules 100mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.

How should Itrazole be stored?

You should store your Itrazole below 25°C in a cool dry place.

Armour Thyroid 1 Grain (60mg)

Armour Thyroid general information

What is Armour Thyroid used for?

Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets are used to treat hypothyroidism or underactive thyroid, a condition in which the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone needed to regulate your body’s growth and metabolism. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets are a natural replacement hormone, derived from pig thyroid gland, containing both forms of thyroid hormone (T3 and T4), which help to relieve the symptoms of hypothyroidism, including, tiredness, muscle weakness, cramps, feeling the cold, a slow heart rate, dry and flaky skin, hair loss, a deep husky voice and weight gain. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets can also be used to help treat hypothyroidism caused by surgical removal of, or damage to the thyroid gland, as well as treating thyroid goitre (enlarged thyroid glands) and thyroid cancer. Another used for Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets is for a suppression test, to test for thyroid activity.

How does Armour Thyroid work?

Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets consist of an extract produced from pig thyroid glands which contains both forms of thyroid hormone; thyroxine (levothyroxine or T4) and liothyronine (L-triiodothyronine or T3). Thyroxine (T4) is converted to the more active form of thyroid hormone (T3) in the liver, kidney and other tissues of the body and T3 interacts with a specific receptor inside cells to stimulate proteins needed to manage and control a variety of processes, including how the body regulates temperature, metabolises nutrients and controls growth and development. Thyroid hormones regulate the production by the pituitary gland of another hormone called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which in turn controls how much thyroid hormone is produced. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets regulate TSH production in the same way and this is how it works when used for treating thyroid goitre or thyroid cancer by suppressing TSH production.

What does Armour Thyroid contain?

Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets contain a dessicated (dried) extract of pig thyroid glands, which contains both forms of thyroid hormone; thyroxine (levothyroxine or T4) and liothyronine (L-triiodothyronine or T3) in the ratio 4.22:1 of T4 to T3, as T3 is approximately four times as potent as T4 on a microgram for microgram basis. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets also contain dextrose, anhydrous microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, calcium stearate, opadry wehite (titanium dioxide used as a whitening agent)

What doses of Armour Thyroid are available?

Armour Thyroid tablets are available in the following strengths:

15mg thyroid extract (¼ grain) contains 9.5mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 2.25mcg liothyronine (T3)
30mg thyroid extract (½ grain) contains 19mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 3.5mcg liothyronine (T3)
60mg thyroid extract (1 grain) contains 38mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 9mcg liothyronine (T3)
90mg thyroid extract (1½ grain) contains 57mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 13.5mcg liothyronine (T3)
120mg thyroid extract (2 grain) contains 76mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 18mcg liothyronine (T3)
180mg thyroid extract (3 grain) contains 114mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 27mcg liothyronine (T3)

Treating underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) with Armour Thyroid

Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets consist of an extract produced from pig thyroid glands which contains both forms of thyroid hormone; thyroxine (levothyroxine or T4) and liothyronine (L-triiodothyronine or T3) and substitutes for the lack of thyroid hormone in hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland) needed to regulate normal growth and metabolism. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets are used to treat the symptoms of hypothyroidism, including, tiredness, muscle weakness, cramps, feeling the cold, a slow heart rate, dry and flaky skin, hair loss, a deep husky voice and weight gain.

What is the difference between natural and synthetic thyroid hormones?

Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets contain an extract produced from pig thyroid glands which contains both forms of thyroid hormone; thyroxine (levothyroxine or T4) and liothyronine (L-triiodothyronine or T3). These hormones are therefore natural hormones compared to synthesised hormones found in some other preparations of thyroid medication. Both natural and synthetic hormones work in the same way to treat thyroid disease.

What are the side effects of Armour Thyroid?

Most of the side effects experienced with taking Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets indicate that your dose is too high and may need adjusting. These include: headache, sleep problems (insomnia), feeling nervous or irritable sweating, flushing, appetite changes, weight loss, muscle weakness/cramps, tremors.

When should Armour Thyroid not be used?

You should not use Armour Thyroid if you:

are allergic to thyroid hormones or any of the ingredients in Armour Thyroid tablets
are looking for a treatment for obesity or to help you lose weight; this is not a weight loss product
have thyrotoxicosis (untreated high thyroid hormone levels) or adrenal gland problems
are pregnant, planning to become pregnant or breast-feeding
have a history of chest pain, heart attack, heart blood vessel problems, or other heart problems
are a diabetic taking antidiabetics or insulin, without discussion with your doctor, as Armour Thyroid may affect your glucose tolerance
are taking other medications that may interact with Armour Thyroid, such as anticonvulsants like phenytoin and carbamazepin, cardiac glycosides like digoxin, cholesterol-lowing drugs containing cholestyramine, antidepressants, anticoagulants

What medications interact with Armour Thyroid?

Several medications interact with Armour Thyroid and should either not be taken while you are taking Armour Thyroid or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:

Drugs that decrease effectiveness of Armour Thyroid: antacids that contains aluminum or calcium or sucralfate (should be taken at least 4 hours apart from thyroid hormones); cholesterol-lowing drugs containing cholestyramine colestipol (should be taken at least 4 hours apart from thyroid hormones); iron supplement and vitamins with iron (should be taken at least 4 hours apart from thyroid hormones); oestrogen replacement product or birth control pills
Drugs that are affected by Armour Thyroid: anticoagulants, like warfarin because the risk of bleeding may be increased; insulin or an oral diabetes medication such as acarbose glipizide glyburide metformin

How should Armour Thyroid be taken?

Armour Thyroid should be taken with water on an empty stomach, preferably 30 minutes before a meal. The dose of Armour Thyroid that you take should be as recommended by your doctor. The usual starting dose is 30 mg Armour Thyroid, with increments of 15 mg every 2 to 3 weeks, depending on the levels of T3 and T4 measured in the blood during treatment, so blood monitoring is important while you are taking Armour Thyroid. It usually takes several weeks to see normal levels of blood thyroid hormone levels after starting treatment and you may need to take Armour Thyroid for the rest of your life.

How long should you take Armour Thyroid

Since Armour Thyroid tablets are used to replace a thyroid hormone deficiency this is a long-term treatment and may be for the rest of your life.

Missed dose of Armour Thyroid

If you miss a dose of Armour Thyroid take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.

How should Armour Thyroid be stored?

Keep your Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets in the bottle until it is time to take one. Store in a cool dry place away from light where the temperature stays below 25°C.

Carodyl 100 (Carprofen 100mg)

Carodyl general information

What is Carodyl used for?

Carodyl chewable tablets 100mg are a medication used for dogs to treat and manage the pain and inflammation that can be caused by osteoarthritis. Many dogs suffer from osteoarthritis, particularly as they age. Osteoarthritis is caused by wear and tear of the joints and can cause pain, swelling and stiffness, particularly in the legs, hips and backbone, which can restrict your dog’s activity and cause lameness. Carodyl 100 can help relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis and improve your dog’s mobility. Carodyl 100 is also used to reduce pain following orthopaedic and soft tissue surgery in dogs. Carodyl 100 are intended for use for dogs only and should not be given to cats or other pets.

How does Carodyl work?

Carodyl chewable tablets 100mg contain carprofen a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) belonging to the propionic acid class that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic (pain relief) and antipyretic (reduces fever) properties. NSAIDs inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsible for the production of chemicals called prostaglandins, which are mediators of a variety of cellular processes as well as inflammation. There are two COX enzymes, COX1 which is needed for normal cell functions and COX-2 which is involved in the inflammatory process. Carprofen in Carodyl 100 acts specifically on the inhibition of COX-2 resulting in anti-inflammatory activity which relieves the pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints caused by osteoarthritis. Carodyl 100 are available as meaty flavoured chewable tablets that are more palatable and easier for dogs to swallow.

What does Carodyl contain?

Carodyl chewable tablets 100mg contains the active ingredient carprofen a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to treat pain and inflammation due to osteoarthritis and surgery in dogs.

Treating osteoarthritis with Carodyl

Carodyl 100 contains carprofen a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat dogs to help manage the pain and inflammation caused by osteoarthritis. Many dogs suffer from osteoarthritis, particularly as they age. Osteoarthritis is caused by wear and tear of the joints causing pain, swelling and stiffness, particularly in the legs, hips and backbone, which can restrict your dog’s activity and cause lameness. Carprofen in Carodyl 100 specifically inhibits the COX-2 enzyme responsible for the production of chemicals called prostaglandins, which are mediators of inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activity of carprofen in Carodyl 100 relieves the pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints caused by osteoarthritis.

What are the side effects of Carodyl?

The most commonly reported side effects when taking Carodyl 100 include; vomiting, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, lethargy and behavioural changes.

When should Carodyl not be used?

You should not use Carodyl 100 if your dog:

has a sensitivity reaction to carprofen or any other NSAID or any ingredients in Carodyl
is younger than 6 months
is pregnant or lactating
has a heart condition, liver or kidney disease or bleeding disorders
has been given other NSAID medication, corticosteroids, some heart drugs (ACE inhibitors), some drugs for seizure control

How should Carodyl be given?

You should give your dog Carodyl 100 chewable tablets by mouth and with food. The recommended dose is 2-4mg per kg body weight (2.2lb) per day given in two equally divided doses. The same dose may be reduced to once daily after 7 days, depending on your dog’s response and your veterinarian’s recommendation. You should see signs of improvement within a few days. You should continue to give Carodyl 100 to your dog for as long as recommended by your veterinarian, which may be long term, as Carodyl 100 will help relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis in your dog but will not cure your dog’s condition.

Dosage:

10-14kg (22-30lb) 50mg in half tablet

18-27kg (39.6-59.5) 100mg in one tablet

27-41kg (59.6-90lb) 150mg in one and a half tablets

41-55kg (90-121lb) 200mg in two tablets

How long should you give Carodyl?

You should continue to give Carodyl 100 to your dog for as long as recommended by your veterinarian, which may be long term, as. Carodyl 100 will help relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis in your dog but will not cure your dog’s condition.

Missed dose of Carodyl

If you miss a dose of Carodyl 100 give it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to give the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not give a double dose.

How should Carodyl be stored?

You should store your Carodyl 100 below 25°C in a cool dry place and protect from light.

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