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Oruvail SR (Ketoprofen 200mg)
Oruvail general information
What is Oruvail used for?
Oruvail SR capsules 200mg are used to help manage symptoms caused by various chronic inflammatory diseases. These include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis (wear and tear) and ankylosing spondylitis, (an autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects the joints in the spine and pelvis and can cause fusion of the spine) to reduce pain, inflammation, tenderness, stiffness and swelling in the affected joints. Oruvail SR capsules 200mg do not cure the underlying disease but can relieve symptoms of pain and inflammation and improve the functional use of affected joints. Oruvail SR capsules 200mg are also used for acute articular and periarticular disorders, such as bursitis (inflammation of the fluid filled sac in the joints), capsulitis (inflammation of tendons in joints), synovitis (inflammation of the membrane surrounding joints), tendonitis (inflammation of tendons), fibrositis (inflammation of connective tissues in muscles and joints), cervical spondylitis (wear and tear in the neck spinal disks); also for musculoskeletal disorders, such as sprains, strains, lower back pain (lumbago, sciatica) and for gout (uric acid crystals in the joints) to relieve chronic pain and inflammation. Oruvail SR capsules 200mg are also used for relief dysmenorrhoea (menstrual pain) and in the treatment of post-operative pain.
How does Oruvail work?
Oruvail SR capsules 200mg contain ketoprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic (pain relieving) and anti-pyretic properties (reduces fever). Ketoprofen in Oruvail SR capsules 200mg blocks the production of specific chemicals called prostaglandins (PG) that mediate inflammation, particularly PGE2, and works by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) including cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) that is induced during the inflammation process and is responsible for the synthesis of inflammatory prostaglandins. Inhibition of COX-2 helps relieve the symptoms of inflammation, including pain, swelling, and joint stiffness. Inhibition of COX-1 is responsible for the gastrointestinal side effects that are due to inhibition of protective prostaglandins in the gut and disruption of regulation of acid content. Oruvail SR capsules 200mg contain multiple microbeads which are formulated for sustained controlled release. This provides a constant concentration of ketoprofen over a period of time, for maximum effectiveness and minimum side effects.
What does Oruvail contain?
Oruvail SR capsules 200mg contains the active ingredient ketoprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to treat pain and inflammation of chronic inflammatory bone and joint diseases, and other conditions. They also contain erythrosine, ethylcellulose, gelatin, non-pareil beads (PI 1014), shellac, colloidal anhydrous silica, sodium lauryl sulfate, purified talc and titanium dioxide. The 200mg capsules also contain Opacode Blue (PI 12300).
Treating arthritis with Oruvail
Oruvail SR capsules 200mg contain ketoprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to relieve pain and inflammation in joints affected with arthritis. Osteoarthritis a degenerative disease (also known as wear and tear), and rheumatoid arthritis (an autoimmune disease where the immune system turns on self) are chronic inflammatory diseases in which the joints become inflamed, swollen and painful. Ketoprofen in Oruvail SR capsules 200mg blocks the production of specific chemicals called prostaglandins (PG) that mediate inflammation, particularly PGE2, and works by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) that is responsible for the synthesis of inflammatory prostaglandins. Inhibition of PG production by ketoprofen in Oruvail SR capsules 200mg helps relieve the symptoms of inflammation, including pain, swelling, and joint stiffness, to improve the functional use of affected joints., but does not cure the underlying disease.
Oruvail for pain and inflammation
Oruvail SR capsules 200mg contain ketoprofen a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to treat several chronic inflammatory joint diseases to relieve pain and inflammation. These include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis (wear and tear), ankylosing spondylitis (an autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects the joints in the spine and pelvis and can cause fusion of the spine). Oruvail SR capsules 200mg are also used for musculoskeletal disorders, such as sprains, strains, lower back pain (lumbago) to relieve chronic pain and inflammation; also to treat rheumatic conditions of the connective tissue surrounding joints (non-articular), including bursitis, tendonitis, synovitis and fibrositis. Oruvail SR capsules 200mg are also used for acute pain and inflammation are also associated with dysmenorrhea (menstrual pain) and post-operative pain (following surgery). Ketoprofen in Oruvail SR capsules 200mg blocks the production of specific chemicals called prostaglandins (PG) that mediate inflammation, particularly PGE2, and works by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) including cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) that is induced during the inflammation process and is responsible for the synthesis of inflammatory prostaglandins. Inhibition of COX-2 helps relieve the symptoms of inflammation, including pain, swelling, and joint stiffness. Oruvail SR capsules 200mg also inhibit cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), which is thought to be responsible for the gastrointestinal side effects associated with the non-selective NSAIDs.
What are the side effects of Oruvail?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Oruvail SR capsules 200mg are gastrointestinal and include: upset stomach or stomach pain, diarrhoea, indigestion, bloating wind, heartburn, indigestion, constipation. Other side effects include dizziness, headache, visual disturbance, tinnitus (buzzing or ringing in the ears), skin rash, oedema and fluid retention.
When should Oruvail not be used?
You should not use Oruvail SR capsules 200mg if you:
- are allergic to ketoprofen or any other NSAID including aspirin or any ingredients in Oruvail
- are pregnant or are breastfeeding, without discussion with your
- have kidney or liver disease
- have asthma as ketoprofen may cause bronchospasm
- have uncontrolled hypertension, severe heart failure or cardiovascular disease, without discussion with your doctor
- have active or a history of gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation due to an ulcer
- have a tendency to bleed easily
- are taking medicines that interact with Oruvail, aspirin or other NSAIDs, anticoagulants like warfarin, cholestyramine for high cholesterol, probenecid for gout, the anti-cancer drug methotrexate, lithium for mood disorders, diuretics like frusemide, beta blockers and ACE inhibitors for high blood pressure, digitalis for heart failure, sulphonamide antibiotics, sulphonylureas for diabetes, SSRI antidepressants, corticosteroids
What medications interact with Oruvail?
Several medications interact with Oruvail SR capsules 200mg and should either not be taken while you are taking Oruvail or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:
- Drugs that cause a serious reaction with Oruvail: aspirin or other NSAIDs, SSRI antidepressants, anticoagulants like warfarin, and ACE inhibitors
- Drugs that affect Oruvail: cholestyramine for high cholesterol, probenecid for gout
- Drugs that are affected by Oruvail: anticoagulants like warfarin, the anti-cancer drug methotrexate, lithium for mood disorders, diuretics like frusemide, beta blockers and ACE inhibitors for high blood pressure, sulphonamide antibiotics, sulphonylureas for diabetes
How should Oruvail be taken?
You should take your Oruvail SR capsules 200mg swallowed whole with a glass of water once daily at the same time each day and with food to reduce risk of gastrointestinal side effects. The dose you take depends on your condition and your doctor’s recommendation. You should continue to take your Oruvail SR capsules 200mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for a few days, several weeks or longer, depending on what you are being treated for.
How long should you take Oruvail?
You should continue to take your Oruvail SR capsules 200mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for a few days, several weeks or longer, depending on what you are being treated for.
Missed dose of Oruvail
If you miss a dose of Oruvail SR capsules 200mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should Oruvail be stored?
You should store your Oruvail SR capsules 200mg below 25°C in a cool dry place.
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AR Estradiol Valerate 40mg/ml
AR Estradiol Valerate general information
What is AR Estradiol Valerate used for?
Menopause is a natural part of a woman’s life and represents the end of her childbearing years and the beginning of her next phase of life. As menopause approaches, estrogen production starts to slow down, and eventually, no more is produced by the ovaries. Menstruation ceases, and this lack of estrogen can cause severe problems for some women. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can help relieve symptoms of menopause. AR Estradiol Valerate 40mg/mL is an injectable form of HRT. It is recommended for HRT in combination with progesterone, because of the health risk of estrogen-only HRT. You should only use AR Estradiol Valerate alone if you have had a hysterectomy; or are also taking progesterone.
Estrogen is the female hormone produced by the ovaries that transforms the girl into the woman and plays a central role in all stages of female reproduction, along with other female hormones like progesterone. Estrogen stimulates the development of female sexual characteristics, including breast development and body shape. It regulates the menstrual cycle, triggers ovulation, and stimulates the thickening of the endometrium (lining of the uterus) and thickening of vaginal tissue and its secretions. It also plays other essential roles, including regulating lipid metabolism and supporting bone density throughout the fertile years of a woman’s life. As menopause approaches, estrogen production starts to slow down. Eventually, no more is produced by the ovaries, so that menstruation ceases.
Symptoms of menopause
Symptoms associated with low estrogen in menopause include hot flashes caused by sudden dilating of surface blood vessels; when this happens at night, they cause night sweats. Vaginal thinning and dryness, known as atrophic vaginitis, can cause discomfort or pain with sex and recurrent urine infections. Other signs of menopause are headaches, mood swings, lack of concentration, and loss of energy.
Loss of bone density is another problem related to the loss of estrogen. It can lead to osteoporosis, which makes the bones brittle so that they fracture more easily. AR Estradiol Valerate relieves symptoms of menopause. It also helps prevent postmenopausal bone loss (osteoporosis), reducing the risk of fracture.
Transgender hormone therapy
Estrogen is an essential component in transgender hormone therapy for male to female gender reassignment. AR Estradiol Valerate helps stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. This promotes the feminisation process, such as breast development, and inducing metabolic changes such as fat distribution to redefine the general body shape.
How does AR Estradiol Valerate work?
AR Estradiol Valerate contains estradiol valerate 40mg/mL. It is used for hormone replacement therapy to substitute for lack of estrogen in postmenopausal women and relieve symptoms of menopause.
Estradiol valerate is a synthetic form of naturally occurring estradiol, the primary and most active form of the female sex hormone estrogen. Estradiol is biologically similar to the natural hormone. Other types of estrogen that exist post-menopause include estrone. This form of estrogen is produced by conversion from androgens (predominantly a male hormone but found in small amounts in women) in other tissues like fat cells. Estone does not have much activity, which is why a lack of estradiol is responsible for most menopausal symptoms.
Estradiol in AR Estradiol Valerate works by passing through the cell membrane and binding to specific receptors inside the cells of its target tissues, including the ovaries, uterus, bone, and breast tissue. Estrogen attaches to its receptor then interacts directly with the DNA to promote the expression (activation) of specific genes that make proteins needed for estrogen-dependent processes in those tissues. These include breast cell growth, improved lubrication of vaginal cells, and increased bone density.
AR Estradiol Valerate is formulated for intramuscular injection in an oily solution that slows down absorption. A single injection of AR Estradiol Valerate is absorbed slowly over several weeks and works for longer, with a prolonged action time
What does AR Estradiol Valerate contain?
AR Estradiol Valerate contains the active ingredient estradiol valerate 40mg/mL that is used for hormone replacement therapy to substitute for lack of estrogen in postmenopausal women. It also contains 224mg/mL benzyl benzoate, 40mg/mL benzyl alcohol, castor oil.
What are the side effects of AR Estradiol Valerate?
Most medications have some side effects, but they are not experienced by everyone. Some side effects are commonly experienced when taking AR Estradiol Valerate, but others are not so common, and you should discuss any problems or concerns with your primary care physician.
Common side effects when taking AR Estradiol Valerate include breast tenderness, breast pain, abdominal pain, nausea, oedema, and headache, breakthrough bleeding, and spotting.
When should AR Estradiol Valerate not be used?
Have a talk with your primary healthcare physician before taking AR Estradiol Valerate 40mg/mLso that you have a full understanding of what this medicine is for and how to use it. There are some reasons for not taking a medication; these are called contraindications, and for AR Estradiol Valerate you should consider the following before taking AR Estradiol Valerate :
- Have you ever had an unusual reaction or an allergy when taking AR Estradiol Valerate?
- Are you pregnant or breastfeeding?
- Do you have any problems with your liver or had a liver disease?
- Have you had an estrogen-dependent cancer, including cancer of the breast or endometrium?
- Have you had any condition caused by a blood clot such as deep vein thrombosis (blood clots in the leg), pulmonary embolism (blood clot in the lungs)?
- Do you have a heart condition like angina, and have you ever had cardiovascular disease, including a heart attack or stroke or uncontrolled high blood pressure?
- Have you had abnormal genital bleeding of unknown cause?
What medications interact with AR Estradiol Valerate?
Some medicines interact with AR Estradiol Valerate 40mg/mL and may affect the way it works, or are affected by AR Estradiol Valerate or increase side effects; you should discuss possible interactions with your primary care physician. These may include anticonvulsants like phenytoin and carbamazepine, barbiturates, anti-infectives like rifampicin, rifabutin, nevirapine, antibiotics like penicillin.
If other medications may interact with AR Estradiol Valerate, your doctor will discuss these with you.
How should AR Estradiol Valerate be taken and for how long?
You should take your AR Estradiol Valerate using a clean, dry needle and syringe. Draw up 1mL Estradiol Valerate and inject deep into the upper, outer area of the gluteal muscle. The usual dose is one injection every four weeks, depending on your doctor’s recommendation. You should continue to take Estradiol Valerate Injection injections as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for several months
Missed dose of AR Estradiol Valerate
If you miss a dose of AR Estradiol Valerate 40mg/mL, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should AR Estradiol Valerate be stored?
You should store your AR Estradiol Valerate 40mg/mL below 25°C in a cool dry place and protect from light.
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Bioclan (Clindamycin 25mg/ml)
Bioclan general information
What is Bioclan used for?
Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml is an antibiotic medication used for the treatment of serious bacterial infections in cats and dogs caused by susceptible bacteria. These include superficial pyoderma (superficial skin infection), wounds and abscesses, infected mouth cavity and dental infections; also to prevent infection due to dental surgery. In dogs Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml/ml is also used to treat osteomyelitis (infection of the bone or bone marrow), which may be caused by an infection from another part of the body reaching the bone through the blood, or the bone may become infected from an accident involving the bone. Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml is specially formulated for treatment of bacterial infections in dogs and cats.
How does Bioclan work?
Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml contains clindamycin, a lincosamide antibiotic with bacteriostatic action that is used to treat a wide range of serious bacterial infections in cats and dogs. Clindamycin in Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml is effective against a range of sensitive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and intermedius, Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella melaninogenicus, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Clostridium perfringens. Clindamycin in Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml works by binding to the bacterial ribosome, a structure involved in protein synthesis and this inhibits the early stages of bacterial protein synthesis, so that the bacteria cannot make important proteins required for survival of the bacteria, which inhibits bacterial growth and prevents the spread of infection. Clindamycin in Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml is lipid soluble and therefore, penetrates many body fluids and tissues, such as soft tissue, bone and joints; it also penetrates biofilms found in dental and bone infections. It is rapidly absorbed and concentrates in the white blood cells at the site of infection.
What does Bioclan contain?
Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml contain the active ingredient clindamycin hydrochloride, an antibiotic that is used to treat a wide range of serious bacterial infections in cats and dogs. It also contains isopropyl alcohol.
Treating bacterial infection with Bioclan
Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml contains clindamycin, an antibiotic that is used to treat a wide range of serious bacterial infections in cats and dogs. These include superficial pyoderma (superficial skin infection), wounds and abscesses, infected mouth cavity and dental infections; also to prevent infection due to dental surgery. In dogs Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml is also used to treat osteomyelitis (infection of the bone). Clindamycin in Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml works by binding to the bacterial ribosome, a structure involved in protein synthesis and this inhibits the early stages of bacterial protein synthesis, so that the bacteria cannot make important proteins required for survival of the bacteria, which inhibits bacterial growth and prevents the spread of infection.
What are the side effects of Bioclan?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml include vomiting and diarrhoea. Clindamycin may cause overgrowth of non-sensitive organisms like yeast and the toxin-producing bacterium clostridium in the intestines, which can cause intestinal problems.
When should Bioclan not be given?
You should not give Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml to your pet if your pet:
- is allergic to clindamycin or any ingredients in Bioclan
- is pregnant or lactating
- has kidney or liver disease
- is taking medicines that interact with Bioclan including the antibiotic erythromycin; neuromuscular blockers
How should Bioclan be given?
You should give your pet Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml once or twice daily depending on what they are being treated for using the calibrated dosing syringe provided, and the dose given should be according to body weight. You should continue to give Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml for as long as recommended by your veterinary professional which ranges from 14-28 days, depending on what your pet is being treated for.
Dosage for dogs:
For general infection: 5.5 -33 mg/kg (2.5-15mg/lb) every 12 hours for a maximum of 28 days, discontinue if no effect within 3-4 days
For osteomyelitis: 11 -33mg/kg (5-15mg/lb) every 12 hours for a maximum of 28 days.
Dosage for cats:
For general infection: 11 -33mg/kg (5-15mg/lb) every 24 hours for a maximum of 14 days, discontinue if no effect within 3-4 days.
How long should you take Bioclan?
You should continue to give Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml for as long as recommended by your veterinary professional which ranges from 14-28 days, depending on what your pet is being treated for.
Missed dose of Bioclan
If you miss a dose of Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml give it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to give the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not give a double dose.
How should Bioclan be stored?
You should store your Bioclan oral solution 25mg/ml below 25°C in a cool dry place.
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Phenergan 25mg (Promethazine)
Phenergan general information
What is Phenergan used for?
Phenergan tablets 25mg are used to treat a variety of allergic conditions, including allergic contact dermatitis, allergic reactions to drugs, hives (urticaria), and bites and stings, to relieve symptoms of redness, swelling and itching of the skin; also to relieve upper respiratory tract symptoms of allergic rhinitis, including nasal congestion, runny itchy nose and sneezing, caused by seasonal allergies like hayfever. Phenergan tablets 25mg are also used as an antiemetic to reduce nausea and vomiting due to several conditions including postoperative vomiting, irradiation sickness, drug-induced nausea and motion sickness. Phenergan tablets 25mg have sedative properties, which can be used to help with management of the symptoms of measles and chicken pox; also for short-term sedation.
How does Phenergan work?
Phenergan tablets 25mg contain promethazine, an antihistamine belonging to phenothiazine group of drugs that also has antiemetic (prevents nausea) and sedative properties. Histamine is a chemical released from mast cells, (cells involved in allergies) as part of the body’s defence mechanism during an allergic reaction. Histamine and binds to H1 receptors in small blood vessels causing them to leak, allowing white blood cells and blood proteins into the tissues. These infiltrating cells produce inflammatory chemicals (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) that cause tissue swelling and irritation, which are symptoms of an allergic reaction. Promethazine in Phenergan tablets 25mg is an H1 receptor antagonist and works by binding to histamine receptors and blocking the action of histamine without blocking its secretion. This action blocks histamine-mediated allergic reactions, relieving symptoms in the upper respiratory tract like nasal congestion, runny itchy nose and sneezing, and in the skin like redness, swelling and itching. Promethazine in Phenergan tablets 25mg also acts on the central nervous system (CNS). Some brain neurones (nerve cells) produce histamine and the action of histamine in the brain is involved in stress and anxiety reactions. Blocking these brain histamine receptors is thought to be responsible for causing sedation. The same CNS mechanism is also responsible for the anti-emetic effect of Phenergan tablets 25mg. Motion sickness is caused by conflicting information being received by the brain from the eyes and the vestibular system in the inner ear; messages sent by the ear suggest motion, whereas the messages sent by the eye suggest that the body is still. The conflicting information received into the brain stimulates the vomiting centre of the brain to induce the vomiting reflex. Promethazine in Phenergan tablets 25mg binds to histamine receptors on cells of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear and is also thought to bind to histamine receptors on nerve cells in the brain to block the transmission of nerve impulses from the inner ear to the vomiting center in the brain, which in turn prevents transmission of nerve signals from the brain to receptors in the stomach, so that the vomiting reflex is blocked.
What does Phenergan contain?
Phenergan tablets 25mg contain the active ingredient promethazine hydrochloride, an antihistamine belonging to phenothiazine group of drugs that also has antiemetic (prevents nausea) and sedative properties. They also contain lactose, starch maize, povidone, magnesium stearate, hypromellose, macrogol 200, blue opaspray.
Treating allergy with Phenergan
Phenergan tablets 25mg contain the antihistamine promethazine, which is used to relieve symptoms of allergy in several allergic conditions, including allergic contact dermatitis, allergic reactions to drugs, hives (urticaria), bites and stings; also allergic rhinitis caused by seasonal allergies like hayfever. Histamine is a chemical released from mast cells, (cells involved in allergies) as part of the body’s defence mechanism during an allergic reaction and binds to H1 receptors in small blood vessels causing them to leak, allowing white blood cells and blood proteins into the tissues. These infiltrating cells produce inflammatory chemicals (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) that cause tissue swelling and irritation, which are symptoms of an allergic reaction. Promethazine in Phenergan tablets 25mg is an H1 receptor antagonist and works by binding to histamine receptors and blocking the action of histamine without blocking its secretion. This action blocks histamine-mediated allergic reactions, relieving symptoms in the upper respiratory tract like nasal congestion, runny itchy nose and sneezing, and in the skin like redness, swelling and itching.
Treating motion sickness with Phenergan
Phenergan tablets 25mg contain promethazine, an antihistamine that is used to control the nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness caused by all forms of travel including, air, sea train or car travel. The inner ear contains the vestibular apparatus, comprising the membranous labyrinth structures of the cochlea and semicircular canals, where motion or changes in the body’s position is detected and continual information about body position is transmitted to the brain. Motion causes the endolymph (fluid that fills the inner ear) to trigger electrical signals via special sensory cells sending nerve impulses via neurotransmitters (chemicals that allow nerve cells to communicate) along the auditory nerve to the brain to be interpreted. Motion sickness is caused by conflicting information being received by the brain from the eyes and the vestibular system; messages sent by the ear suggest motion, whereas the messages sent by the eye suggest that the body is still. The conflicting information received into the brain stimulates the area postrema or vomiting centre of the brain to induce the vomiting reflex. Promethazine in Phenergan tablets 25mg binds to histamine receptors on cells of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear and is also thought to bind to histamine receptors on nerve cells in the brain and this blocks the transmission of nerve impulses from the inner ear to the vomiting center in the brain, which in turn prevents transmission of nerve signals from the brain to receptors in the stomach, so that the vomiting reflex is blocked. Phenergan tablets 25mg are also used to reduce nausea and vomiting due to several conditions including postoperative vomiting, irradiation sickness and drug-induced nausea.
Phenergan for sedation
Phenergan tablets 25mg contain promethazine, an antihistamine that has sedating properties. Promethazine in Phenergan tablets 25mg is an H1 receptor antagonist and works by binding to histamine receptors in various parts of the body including the brain. Some brain neurones (nerve cells) produce histamine and the action of histamine in the brain is involved in stress and anxiety reactions. Blocking these brain histamine receptors is thought to be responsible for causing sedation.
What are the side effects of Phenergan?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Phenergan tablets 25mg include: dry mouth, gastro-intestinal disturbances (diarrhoea, constipation, nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain) loss of appetite, tiredness, sleepiness, restlessness, dizziness, blurred vision.
When should Phenergan not be used?
You should not use Phenergan tablets 25mg if you:
- are allergic to promethazine or any ingredients in Phenergan
- are allergic to sulphites, benzoates or phenothiazines
- are pregnant or are breastfeeding
- have had jaundice induced by other phenothiazine derivatives
- are taking medicines that interact with Phenergan, including: monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (up to 14 days previously), tricyclic antidepressants, sedatives and hypnotics, opioid analgesics, barbiturates
Phenergan tablets 25mg should not be used for children under 2 years or for anyone in a coma.
What medications interact with Phenergan?
Several medications interact with Phenergan tablets 25mg to increase side effects and can cause a serious reaction and should either not be taken while you are taking Phenergan or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor: including: monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (up to 14 days previously, tricyclic antidepressants, sedatives and hypnotics, opioid analgesics, barbiturates.
How should Phenergan be taken?
You should take your Phenergan tablets 25mg swallowed whole with a glass of water. The dose you take and how often depends on what you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendation. For allergy and sedation you should take your Phenergan tablets 25mg at night. For travel sickness you should take one tablet the night before travel and you can take another dose the next day, provided 6-8 hours has elapsed. For nausea and vomiting you should take your Phenergan tablets 25mg every 4 to 6 hours as recommended by your doctor. You should continue to take your Phenergan tablets 25mg for as long as your symptoms persist, or as recommended by your doctor but for no longer than 10 consecutive days.
How long should you take Phenergan?
You should continue to take your Phenergan tablets 25mg for as long as your symptoms persist, or as recommended by your doctor but for no longer than 10 consecutive days.
Missed dose of Phenergan
If you miss a dose of Phenergan tablets 25mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should Phenergan be stored?
You should store your Phenergan below 25°C in a cool dry place.
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Carodyl 100 (Carprofen 100mg)
Carodyl general information
What is Carodyl used for?
Carodyl chewable tablets 100mg are a medication used for dogs to treat and manage the pain and inflammation that can be caused by osteoarthritis. Many dogs suffer from osteoarthritis, particularly as they age. Osteoarthritis is caused by wear and tear of the joints and can cause pain, swelling and stiffness, particularly in the legs, hips and backbone, which can restrict your dog’s activity and cause lameness. Carodyl 100 can help relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis and improve your dog’s mobility. Carodyl 100 is also used to reduce pain following orthopaedic and soft tissue surgery in dogs. Carodyl 100 are intended for use for dogs only and should not be given to cats or other pets.
How does Carodyl work?
Carodyl chewable tablets 100mg contain carprofen a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) belonging to the propionic acid class that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic (pain relief) and antipyretic (reduces fever) properties. NSAIDs inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsible for the production of chemicals called prostaglandins, which are mediators of a variety of cellular processes as well as inflammation. There are two COX enzymes, COX1 which is needed for normal cell functions and COX-2 which is involved in the inflammatory process. Carprofen in Carodyl 100 acts specifically on the inhibition of COX-2 resulting in anti-inflammatory activity which relieves the pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints caused by osteoarthritis. Carodyl 100 are available as meaty flavoured chewable tablets that are more palatable and easier for dogs to swallow.
What does Carodyl contain?
Carodyl chewable tablets 100mg contains the active ingredient carprofen a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to treat pain and inflammation due to osteoarthritis and surgery in dogs.
Treating osteoarthritis with Carodyl
Carodyl 100 contains carprofen a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat dogs to help manage the pain and inflammation caused by osteoarthritis. Many dogs suffer from osteoarthritis, particularly as they age. Osteoarthritis is caused by wear and tear of the joints causing pain, swelling and stiffness, particularly in the legs, hips and backbone, which can restrict your dog’s activity and cause lameness. Carprofen in Carodyl 100 specifically inhibits the COX-2 enzyme responsible for the production of chemicals called prostaglandins, which are mediators of inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activity of carprofen in Carodyl 100 relieves the pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints caused by osteoarthritis.
What are the side effects of Carodyl?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Carodyl 100 include; vomiting, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, lethargy and behavioural changes.
When should Carodyl not be used?
You should not use Carodyl 100 if your dog:
- has a sensitivity reaction to carprofen or any other NSAID or any ingredients in Carodyl
- is younger than 6 months
- is pregnant or lactating
- has a heart condition, liver or kidney disease or bleeding disorders
- has been given other NSAID medication, corticosteroids, some heart drugs (ACE inhibitors), some drugs for seizure control
How should Carodyl be given?
You should give your dog Carodyl 100 chewable tablets by mouth and with food. The recommended dose is 2-4mg per kg body weight (2.2lb) per day given in two equally divided doses. The same dose may be reduced to once daily after 7 days, depending on your dog’s response and your veterinarian’s recommendation. You should see signs of improvement within a few days. You should continue to give Carodyl 100 to your dog for as long as recommended by your veterinarian, which may be long term, as Carodyl 100 will help relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis in your dog but will not cure your dog’s condition.
Dosage:
10-14kg (22-30lb) 50mg in half tablet
18-27kg (39.6-59.5) 100mg in one tablet
27-41kg (59.6-90lb) 150mg in one and a half tablets
41-55kg (90-121lb) 200mg in two tablets
How long should you give Carodyl?
You should continue to give Carodyl 100 to your dog for as long as recommended by your veterinarian, which may be long term, as. Carodyl 100 will help relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis in your dog but will not cure your dog’s condition.
Missed dose of Carodyl
If you miss a dose of Carodyl 100 give it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to give the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not give a double dose.
How should Carodyl be stored?
You should store your Carodyl 100 below 25°C in a cool dry place and protect from light.
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