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Symmetrel 100mg (Amantadine)
Symmetrel general information
What is Symmetrel used for?
Symmetrel capsules 100mg are used to treat Parkinson's disease, a neurological disorder that is either idiopathic, which means that its cause is unknown or secondary to a known cause such as stroke, head trauma or as a side effect of medication, particularly neuroleptic antipsychotics. Symmetrel 100 may be used alone as monotherapy, or in combination with other medications, like anticholinergic drugs or levodopa and helps relieve symptoms of Parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease, including tremor, bradykinesia (slowness of movement) and loss of balance. Symmetrel capsules 100mg are also used as prophylaxis to prevent signs and symptoms of infection caused by influenza A virus, particularly for those at high risk of infection, if vaccination is unavailable or contraindicated, and for those at risk of serious illness if they were to become infected, such as being immunocompromised or having lung problems; also to treat flu-like symptoms if administered within 48 hours.
How does Symmetrel work?
Symmetrel capsules 100mg contain amantadine, which is an antiparkinsonian drug with virostatic properties. The abnormal movements associated with Parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease are caused by low levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter (chemical that allows communication between nerve cells) produced by certain neurons (nerve cells) in the brain and plays an important role in controlling muscle function and movement; it is important to have the correct levels of dopamine. The loss of dopamine seen in Parkinson's disease is due to slow and progressive destruction of the neurons that produce the dopamine in a certain area of the brain called the substantia nigra. Amantadine in Symmetrel 100 is thought to increase the amount of dopamine in the brain by enhancing the release of dopamine from central neurons and by delaying its re-uptake from the synapse, the gap between nerve cells across which chemical messages are sent from one nerve cell to another. The increase in dopamine levels helps the brain control muscle function and restore normal movement. Amantadine in Symmetrel 100 is also thought to exert some anticholinergic activity, which means that it blocks the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to its receptor in nerve cells and this action helps prevent the involuntary movements associated with Parkinsonism. The mechanism of action by which Symmetrel 100 prevents the growth of influenza A virus is not known but it is thought to be due to interference with a viral protein needed for the virus to infect the host cell and this inhibits the early stage of replication of the influenza A virus and checks the growth of virus.
What does Symmetrel contain?
Symmetrel capsules 100mg contain the active ingredient amantadine hydrochloride, used to treat Parkinson's disease and to treat and prevent symptoms of influenza A virus. They also contain: rape seed oil, lecithin, a wax blend composed of white beeswax and hydrogenated soya and vegetable oils, sodium ethyl hydroxybenzoate, gelatin, glycerol, iron oxide red CI 77491, sorbitol, sodium propyl hydroxybenzoate, titanium dioxide.
Treating Parkinson's disease with Symmetrel
Symmetrel capsules 100mg contain amantadine, which is an antiparkinsonian drug used to treat neurological symptoms that cause the abnormal movements associated Parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder that is either idiopathic, which means that its cause is unknown, or secondary to a known cause such as stroke, head trauma or as a side effect of medication, particularly neuroleptic antipsychotics. Parkinsonism is caused by low levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter (chemical that allows communication between nerve cells) produced by certain neurons (nerve cells) in the brain that plays an important role in controlling muscle function and movement. This loss of dopamine is due to slow and progressive destruction of the dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra area of the brain. Amantadine in Symmetrel 100 is thought to increase the amount of dopamine in the brain by enhancing the release of dopamine from central neurons and by delaying its re-uptake from the synapse, the gap between nerve cells across which chemical messages are sent from one nerve cell to another. The increase in dopamine levels helps the brain control muscle function and restore normal movement. Amantadine in Symmetrel 100 is also thought to exert some anticholinergic activity, which means that it blocks the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to its receptor in nerve cells and this action helps prevent the involuntary movements associated with Parkinsonism. Symmetrel 100 may be used alone (monotherapy), or in combination with other medications, like anticholinergic drugs or levodopa and helps relieve symptoms of Parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease, including tremor, bradykinesia (slowness of movement) and loss of balance.
Treating symptoms of influenza A infection with Symmetrel
Symmetrel capsules 100mg contain amantadine, which is an antiparkinsonian drug with influenzal virostatic properties, which means that it specifically blocks the growth of the Influenza A virus. Although the mechanism of action by which Symmetrel 100 prevents the growth of influenza A virus is not known it is thought to be due to interference with a viral protein needed for the virus to infect the host cell and this inhibits the early stage of replication of the influenza A virus. Symmetrel capsules 100mg are used as prophylaxis to prevent signs and symptoms of infection caused by influenza A virus, particularly for those at high risk of infection, if vaccination is unavailable or contraindicated, and for those at risk of serious illness if they were to become infected, such as being immunocompromised or having lung problems; also to treat flu-like symptoms if administered within 48 hours.
What are the side effects of Symmetrel?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Symmetrel capsules 100mg include: depression, anxiety, elevation of mood, agitation, nervousness, difficulty in concentrating, dizziness, light-headedness, headache, insomnia, lethargy, hallucinations, nightmares, ataxia, slurred speech, blurred vision, oedema of ankles, livedo reticularis (purplish-red blotchy spots on the skin), dry mouth, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, palpitations, orthostatic hypotension, excessive sweating.
When should Symmetrel not be used?
You should not use Symmetrel capsules 100mg if you:
- are allergic to amantadine or any ingredients in Symmetrel
- are pregnant or are breastfeeding
- have kidney or liver disease
- have or have had recurrent eczema, stomach ulcers, or cardiovascular disorders
- suffer from convulsions or psychiatric disorders
- are taking medicines that interact with Symmetrel, including: other antiparkinsonian drugs, like anticholinergics or levodopa (without discussion with your doctor), other medicines that act on the central nervous system, like sedatives, analgesics and alcohol, combination diuretics, like hydrochlorothiazide + potassium-sparing diuretics
What medications interact with Symmetrel?
Several medications interact with Symmetrel capsules 100mg and should either not be taken while you are taking Symmetrel or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:
- Drugs that increase side effects with Symmetrel: other antiparkinsonian drugs, like anticholinergics or levodopa,
- Drugs that cause dangerous reactions with Symmetrel: other medicines that act on the central nervous system, like sedatives, analgesics and alcohol
- Drugs that affect Symmetrel: combination diuretics, like hydrochlorothiazide + potassium-sparing diuretics
How should Symmetrel be taken for Parkinson's disease?
You should take your Symmetrel capsules 100mg with a glass of water once daily and preferably with food to prevent stomach problems. Your doctor may increase the dose to one capsule twice daily, depending on your condition. You should see some benefit within a few days and should continue to take your Symmetrel 100 for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for a long time depending on your condition. For some people the effectiveness of Symmetrel 100 wears off after a few months of continuous treatment, if this is the case your doctor may recommend that you gradually reduce the dose and stop it for a few weeks, then start again.
How should Symmetrel be taken for influenza A?
You should take your Symmetrel capsules 100mg with a glass of water twice daily and preferably with food to prevent stomach problems, or once daily for children or adults over 65. For prophylaxis you should start taking Symmetrel as soon as possible after you have been exposed to the flu and keep taking it through outbreak for at least 10 days or until the outbreak of influenza A is over. For treatment you should start taking Symmetrel 100 within 48 hours of the first symptoms onset and then for 4-5 days.
How long should you take Symmetrel?
For Parkinson's disease you should continue to take your Symmetrel capsules 100mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for a long time depending on your condition. For prophylaxis against influenza A, you should start taking Symmetrel capsules 100mg as soon as possible after you have been exposed to the flu and keep taking it through outbreak for at least 10 days or until the outbreak of influenza is over. For treatment you should start taking Symmetrel 100 within 48 hours of the first symptoms onset and then for 4-5 days.
Missed dose of Symmetrel
If you miss a dose of Symmetrel capsules 100mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should Symmetrel be stored?
You should store your Symmetrel below 25°C in a cool dry place. Protect from moisture and heat.
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Cipflox (Ciprofloxacin 250mg)
Cipflox general information
What is Cipflox used for?
Cipflox tablets 250mg are an antibiotic medication used to treat uncomplicated and complicated bacterial infections in adults, caused by a wide range of susceptible bacteria in various parts of the body. Cipflox tablets 250mg are used to treat pneumonia (community acquired as outpatients), caused by various bacteria, but should not be the antibiotic of first choice for pneumonia caused by Pneumococcus. Cipflox tablets 250mg are also use to treat infections of the skin and soft tissue, such as impetigo and cellulitis; also of the bones and joints, which can be very painful; and infections of the abdominal cavity such as peritonitis. Cipflox tablets 250mg are also used to treat infections of the urogenital system, including adnexitis (infection and inflammation of the ovary and the fallopian tubes), prostatitis (infection and inflammation of the prostate), gonorrhoea, infections of the efferent urinary tract like cystitis and pyelonephritis (infection and inflammation of the kidney). Cipflox tablets 250mg are used to treat sepsis, which is a serious and life-threatening condition that occurs as a result of the body’s response to an infection. It is caused by chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection, which can result in damage to tissues and organs. Cipflox tablets 250mg may also be used after inhalation of anthrax spores, as post exposure prophylaxis to reduce risk of pulmonary disease. Cipflox tablets 250mg are also used to treat acute pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa; also complicated urinary tract infections or pyelonephritis due to E.coli in children over the age of 5 years.
How does Cipflox work?
Cipflox tablets 250mg contain the antibiotic ciprofloxacin that belongs to the fluoroquinolones group of antibiotics and is a synthetic broad spectrum antibiotic with antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria including, Klebsiella, Haemophilus, Enterobacter, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Legionella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Listeria and Chlamydia. Ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 250mg works by inhibiting several bacterial enzymes (bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase) needed for the bacteria to replicate and repair its DNA. This action of ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 250mg kills the bacteria by blocking its growth and preventing the spread of infection. Cipflox tablets 250mg do not work against viruses which use a different mechanism to grow and replicate.
What does Cipflox contain?
Cipflox tablets 250mg contain the active ingredient ciprofloxacin, a synthetic broad spectrum antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. They also contain microcrystalline cellulose, maize starch, pregelatinised maize starch, crospovidone, colloidal anhydrous silica, magnesium stearate, titanium dioxide, polydextrose, hypromellose, glycerol triacetate, macrogol.
Treating bacterial infection with Cipflox
Cipflox tablets 250mg contain ciprofloxacin a synthetic broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic that used to treat uncomplicated and complicated bacterial infections in adults, caused by a wide range of susceptible bacteria in various parts of the body. Infections that Cipflox tablets 250mg are suitable for include, pneumonia; infections of the skin, soft tissue bones and joints; infections of the urogenital system; infections of the abdominal cavity; sepsis and to reduce risk of pulmonary disease following inhalation of anthrax spores. Cipflox tablets 250mg are also used to treat acute pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis and complicated urinary tract infections in children over the age of 5 years. Ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 250mg works by inhibiting several bacterial enzymes needed for the bacteria to replicate and repair its DNA. This action of ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 250mg kills the bacteria by blocking its growth and preventing the spread of infection.
What are the side effects of Cipflox?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Cipflox tablets 250mg include diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, headache, altered taste, arthralgia (joint pain). Very rarely taking Cipflox tablets 250mg is associated with an increased risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture with increased risk if you are over the age of 60 years, taking systemic steroids or have received a kidney, heart or lung transplant.
When should Cipflox not be used?
You should not use Cipflox tablets 250mg if you:
- are allergic to ciprofloxacin or any ingredients in Cipflox
- are pregnant or are breastfeeding
- have kidney or liver disease
- history of tendon disease/disorder related to quinolone treatment
- have epilepsy or a history of convulsion
- have a history of stroke, heart attack or heart failure, without discussion with your doctor
- have myasthenia gravis
- are taking medicines that interact with Cipflox, including the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, anti-arrhythmics like amiodarone, tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptylene, macrolides antibiotics like azithromycin, clarithromycin, antipsychotics like olanzapine,, mineral supplements, sucralfate, omeprazole or antacids for ulcers and reflux, probenecid for gout, theophylline for asthma, caffeine and methylxanthines (found in some medicines and in drinks such as coffee, tea, cola), phenytoin for seizures, some NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), the immunosuppressant cyclosporine, anticoagulants like warfarin, oral antidiabetic medications like glibenclamide, methotrexate for cancer treatment, the antiemetic metoclopramide, the antidepressant duloxetine, ropinirole for Parkinson’s disease, clozapine for schizophrenia, sildenafil for erectile dysfunction
What medications interact with Cipflox?
Several medications interact with Cipflox tablets 250mg and should either not be taken while you are taking Cipflox or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:
- Drugs that cause a serious reaction or increase side effects with Cipflox: the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, anti-arrhythmics like amiodarone, tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptylene, macrolides antibiotics like azithromycin, clarithromycin, antipsychotics like olanzapine, theophylline for asthma, some NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), the immunosuppressant cyclosporine,
- Drugs that affect Cipflox: mineral supplements, sucralfate, omeprazole or antacids for ulcers and reflux, probenecid for gout, the antiemetic metoclopramide
- Drugs that are affected by Cipflox: the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, theophylline for asthma, caffeine and methylxanthines (found in some medicines and in drinks such as coffee, tea, cola), phenytoin for seizures, anticoagulants like warfarin, oral antidiabetic medications like glibenclamide, methotrexate for cancer treatment, the antidepressant duloxetine, ropinirole for Parkinson’s disease, clozapine for schizophrenia, sildenafil for erectile dysfunction
How should Cipflox be taken?
You should take your Cipflox tablets 250mg swallowed whole with a glass of water, with or without food. The dose you take and how often, depends on what you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendations, which for most infections is usually one tablet twice daily for 7 to 14 days, but the dose or length of time you need to take your Cipflox tablets 250mg for may be increased depending on the severity of your infection and your response to treatment. You should not consume dairy products that are high in calcium (milk and yoghurt) or calcium-fortified orange juice, unless they are part of a meal as this may affect the absorption of ciprofloxacin. Avoid direct exposure to excessive sunlight or UV-light as this can cause photosensitisation (sunburn-like skin reactions). You should continue to take your Cipflox tablets 250mg for as long as recommended by your doctor.
How long should you take Cipflox?
You should continue to take your Cipflox tablets 250mg for as long as recommended by your doctor.
Missed dose of Cipflox
If you miss a dose of Cipflox tablets 250mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should Cipflox be stored?
You should store your Cipflox tablets 250mg below 25°C in a cool dry place.
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Prednisolone-AFT 1% Eye Drops
Prednisolone-AFT general information
What is Prednisolone-AFT used for?
Prednisolone-AFT Eye Drops 1% are used to treat inflammation of the eye, including inflammation of the ocular or bulbar conjunctiva, a clear membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye or sclera (white of the eye) and the palpebral conjunctiva that lines the inside of the eyelids. Also the cornea, which is the clear protective area at the front of the eye, and the anterior segment of the globe that includes the iris, pupil, lens, cornea and fluid filled anterior chamber. Prednisolone-AFT Eye Drops 1% are used as short-term treatment to relieve symptoms of eye inflammation, including irritation, burning, redness and swelling that are caused by chemicals, heat, radiation, allergy, or foreign objects in the eye, but they should not be used for viral, fungal or bacterial eye infection and is only suitable for steroid-responsive inflammation.
How does Prednisolone-AFT work?
Prednisolone-AFT Eye Drops 1% contain prednisolone, which is corticosteroid hormone and is a synthetic derivative of the natural glucocorticoid cortisol, with potent anti-inflammatory properties. Prednisolone in Prednisolone-AFT Eye Drops 1% acts directly through the glucocorticoid receptor that is expressed inside most cells of the body and regulates transcription of specific genes that control the inflammatory and immune response. The major therapeutic actions of prednisolone are to reduce the vascular (blood vessels) and cellular inflammatory response primarily by blocking the production of inflammatory chemicals, like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, from inflammatory cells. This action reduces the swelling (oedema), redness and pain associated with inflammation and modifies the actions of cells involved in allergic and inflammatory responses, such as phagocytic migration.
What does Prednisolone-AFT contain?
Prednisolone-AFT Eye Drops contain the active ingredient prednisolone acetate (microfine suspension) 1.0%, a potent anti-inflammatory corticosteroid used to treat inflammation of the eye. They also contain benzalkonium chloride (preservative), carbomer 980, sodium acetate trihydrate, sodium hydroxide, sorbitol, water.
Treating inflammation of the eye with Prednisolone-AFT
Prednisolone-AFT Eye Drops 1% contain prednisolone, which is corticosteroid hormone and is a synthetic derivative of the natural glucocorticoid cortisol, with potent anti-inflammatory properties. Prednisolone-AFT Eye Drops 1% are used for short-term treatment of steroid-responsive inflammation of the eye, including inflammation of the ocular or bulbar conjunctiva, a clear membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye or sclera (white of the eye) and the palpebral conjunctiva that lines the inside of the eyelids. Also the cornea, which is the clear protective area at the front of the eye, and the anterior segment of the globe that includes the iris, pupil, lens, cornea and fluid filled anterior chamber. Prednisolone in Prednisolone-AFT Eye Drops 1% acts directly through the glucocorticoid receptor inside the cells of the eye and regulates transcription of specific genes that control the inflammatory and immune response. The major therapeutic actions of prednisolone are to reduce the vascular (blood vessels) and cellular inflammatory response primarily by blocking the production of inflammatory chemicals, like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, from inflammatory cells to reduce the swelling (oedema), redness and pain associated with inflammation and to modify the actions of cells involved in allergic and inflammatory responses, such as phagocytic migration. These actions of prednisolone in Prednisolone-AFT Eye Drops 1% help relieve symptoms of eye inflammation, including irritation, burning, redness and swelling that are caused by chemicals, heat, radiation, allergy, or foreign objects in the eye, but they should not be used for viral, fungal or bacterial eye infection and is only suitable inflammation.
What are the side effects of Prednisolone-AFT?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Prednisolone-AFT include: eye irritation like burning or stinging, increased intraocular pressure (IOP) that may lead to glaucoma and optic nerve damage, delayed wound healing, cataract formation at the back of the lens (posterior subcapsular), visual disturbance (blurry vision) and allergic reactions. Long term use of corticosteroids can lead to infection of the eye and can mask infections; also to systemic effects.
When should Prednisolone-AFT not be used?
You should not use Prednisolone-AFT if you:
- are allergic to prednisolone or any ingredients in Prednisolone-AFT
- are pregnant or are breastfeeding, without discussion with your doctor
- have a bacterial, viral or fungal eye infection
- have glaucoma or are at risk of developing glaucoma
- have recently had cataract surgery as corticosteroids can delay healing
- have mustard gas keratitis (inflammation of the cornea caused by the chemical mustard gas) and Sjogren’s keratoconjunctivitis (inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva as a symptom of the autoimmune disease Sjogren’s syndrome)
How should Prednisolone-AFT be taken?
You should apply your Prednisolone-AFT Eye Drops by shaking the bottle well, tilting your head back, pulling the lower eyelid to form a pouch and applying one drop into this conjunctival sac, using the dropper provided. You should apply your Prednisolone-AFT Eye Drops 2-4 times daily or more frequently in the first 24-48 hours as required. You should see an improvement in symptoms after 2 days but continue to use your Prednisolone-AFT Eye Drops for as long as recommended by your doctor but not for more than 10 days. If you wear soft contact lenses these should be removed before adding Prednisolone-AFT Eye Drops into your eye, as the preservative can cause discolouration, and not returned for at least 15 minutes.
How long should you take Prednisolone-AFT?
You should see an improvement in symptoms after 2 days but continue to use your Prednisolone-AFT Eye Drops for as long as recommended by your doctor but not for more than 10 days.
Missed dose of Prednisolone-AFT
If you miss a dose of Prednisolone-AFT take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should Prednisolone-AFT be stored?
You should store your Prednisolone-AFT below 25°C in a cool dry place.
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Glyciphage 500mg (Metformin)
Glyciphage general information
What is Glyciphage used for?
Glyciphage tablets 500mg are an oral diabetes medication that is used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus (also called non insulin-dependent diabetes or maturity onset diabetes) who are unable to achieve adequate glycaemic control (normal blood sugar levels) with diet and exercise alone, which is a particular problem in overweight people. Glyciphage tablets 500mg can be used as first time treatment for newly diagnosed diabetics, or for patients who are not responding to an alternative medication, and can be used either alone or in combination with another oral antihyperglycaemic medication (lowers blood sugar). In some cases Glyciphage is used in conjunction with insulin in type 1 diabetes (also called insulin -dependent diabetes), where insulin alone is not enough to control blood sugar levels.
How does Glyciphage work?
Glyciphage tablets 500mg contain the active ingredient Metformin hydrochloride, which is an oral antihyperglycaemic medication belonging to the biguanide group of drugs. Metformin in Glyciphage tablets 500mg controls blood glucose (sugar) by lowering levels of glucose after a meal (posprandial) as well as keeping levels normal between meals (basal levels), by helping the body respond to insulin without increasing insulin production. Metformin in Glyciphage tablets 500mg works using three different mechanisms: decreasing glucose production in the liver, which is normally switched off when blood glucose levels are high enough; increasing sensitivity to insulin in fat and muscle tissue, where excess glucose is removed from the blood and stored; reducing absorption of glucose by the intestines form the diet. Maintaining glycaemic control with Glyciphage tablets 500mg reduces risk of serious health complications associated with diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina in the eye with loss of vision), diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage) and diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage).
What does Glyciphage contain?
Glyciphage tablets 500mg contain the active ingredient metformin, which is an oral antihyperglycaemic medication used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Treating type 2 diabetes with Glyciphage
Glyciphage tablets 500mg contain Metformin, which is an oral antihyperglycaemic medication that is used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus (also called non insulin-dependent diabetes or maturity onset diabetes) who are unable to achieve adequate glycaemic control (normal blood sugar levels) with diet and exercise alone, which is a particular problem in overweight people. Metformin in Glyciphage tablets 500mg lowers blood sugar after a meal (posprandial) as well as keeping levels normal between meals (basal levels), by helping the body respond to insulin without increasing insulin production, using three different mechanisms: decreasing glucose production in the liver, which is normally switched off when blood glucose levels are high enough; increasing sensitivity to insulin in fat and muscle tissue, where excess glucose is removed from the blood and stored; reducing absorption of glucose by the intestines form the diet. Maintaining glycaemic control with Glyciphage tablets 500mg reduces risk of serious health complications associated with diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina in the eye with loss of vision), diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage) and diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage).
What are the side effects of Glyciphage?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Glyciphage tablets 500mg include: gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, which are usually mild and resolve spontaneously during continued treatment; metallic taste in the mouth; and skin rash. A rare and potentially life threatening side effect is lactic acidosis (a build up of lactic acid in the blood) that can occur due to accumulation of metformin, particularly if you are taking high doses of metformin above 2000mg per day, have kidney problems, drink excessive amounts of alcohol, are elderly.
When should Glyciphage not be used?
You should not use Glyciphage if you:
- are allergic to metformin or any other biguanide or any ingredients in Glyciphage tablets 500mg
- are pregnant or are breastfeeding without discussion with your doctor
- have liver or kidney disease
- have a conditions affecting renal function, like dehydration, severe infection or shock
- have diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic precoma
- have acute or chronic disease which may cause tissue hypoxia such as heart failure, recent myocardial infarction, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, shock, acute significant blood loss, sepsis, gangrene, pancreatitis
- have a history of lactic acidosis
- have a problem with alcohol
- are taking medications that may interact with Glyciphage tablets 500mg including: cimetidine for reflux and ulcers, medications for high blood pressure and heart conditions like nifedipine, beta-blockers, diuretics, other diabetes medications like sulfonylureas and repaglinide, corticosteroids such as prednisone, cortisone, anticoagulants
- undergoing radiological treatment with intravascular iodinated contrast agents which may lead to renal failure, resulting in metformin accumulation and a risk of lactic acidosis
What medications interact with Glyciphage
Several medications interact with Glyciphage and should either not be taken while you are taking Glyciphage or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:
- Drugs that interact with Glyciphage to increase side effects: other diabetes medications like sulfonylureas and repaglinide, ACE inhibitors for high blood pressure, corticosteroids such as prednisone, cortisone
- Drugs that affect Glyciphage: cimetidine for reflux and ulcers, medications for high blood pressure and heart conditions like nifedipine, beta-blockers, diuretics , thyroid medicines
- Drugs that are affected by Glyciphage: anticoagulants
How should Glyciphage be taken?
You should take your Glyciphage tablets 500mg with a glass of water and with food. The dose you take and how often should be as recommended by your doctor. The usual starting dose is one tablet once, twice or 3 times daily during or immediately after a meal, to reduce stomach effects. You will have your blood sugar levels monitored and your dose may be adjusted after a few weeks, depending on how well your blood sugar levels are controlled. You should continue to take your Metformin tablets 500mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for long periods.
How long should you take Glyciphage?
You should continue to take your Glyciphage tablets 500mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for long periods.
Missed dose of Glyciphage
If you miss a dose of Glyciphage take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should Glyciphage be stored?
You should store your Glyciphage tablets 500mg below 25°C in a cool dry place out of direct sunlight.
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Glyciphage 850mg (Metformin)
Glyciphage general information
What is Glyciphage used for?
Glyciphage tablets 850mg are an oral diabetes medication that is used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus (also called non insulin-dependent diabetes or maturity onset diabetes) who are unable to achieve adequate glycaemic control (normal blood sugar levels) with diet and exercise alone, which is a particular problem in overweight people. Glyciphage tablets 500mg can be used as first time treatment for newly diagnosed diabetics, or for patients who are not responding to an alternative medication, and can be used either alone or in combination with another oral antihyperglycaemic medication (lowers blood sugar). In some cases Glyciphage is used in conjunction with insulin in type 1 diabetes (also called insulin -dependent diabetes), where insulin alone is not enough to control blood sugar levels.
How does Glyciphage work?
Glyciphage tablets 850mg contain the active ingredient Metformin hydrochloride, which is an oral antihyperglycaemic medication belonging to the biguanide group of drugs. Metformin in Glyciphage tablets 850mg controls blood glucose (sugar) by lowering levels of glucose after a meal (posprandial) as well as keeping levels normal between meals (basal levels), by helping the body respond to insulin without increasing insulin production. Metformin in Glyciphage tablets 850mg works using three different mechanisms: decreasing glucose production in the liver, which is normally switched off when blood glucose levels are high enough; increasing sensitivity to insulin in fat and muscle tissue, where excess glucose is removed from the blood and stored; reducing absorption of glucose by the intestines form the diet. Maintaining glycaemic control with Glyciphage tablets 850mg reduces risk of serious health complications associated with diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina in the eye with loss of vision), diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage) and diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage).
What does Glyciphage contain?
Glyciphage tablets 850mg contain the active ingredient metformin, which is an oral antihyperglycaemic medication used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Treating type 2 diabetes with Glyciphage
Glyciphage tablets 850mg contain Metformin, which is an oral antihyperglycaemic medication that is used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus (also called non insulin-dependent diabetes or maturity onset diabetes) who are unable to achieve adequate glycaemic control (normal blood sugar levels) with diet and exercise alone, which is a particular problem in overweight people. Metformin in Glyciphage tablets 850mg lowers blood sugar after a meal (posprandial) as well as keeping levels normal between meals (basal levels), by helping the body respond to insulin without increasing insulin production, using three different mechanisms: decreasing glucose production in the liver, which is normally switched off when blood glucose levels are high enough; increasing sensitivity to insulin in fat and muscle tissue, where excess glucose is removed from the blood and stored; reducing absorption of glucose by the intestines form the diet. Maintaining glycaemic control with Glyciphage tablets 850mg reduces risk of serious health complications associated with diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina in the eye with loss of vision), diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage) and diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage).
What are the side effects of Glyciphage?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Glyciphage tablets 850mg include: gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, which are usually mild and resolve spontaneously during continued treatment; metallic taste in the mouth; and skin rash. A rare and potentially life threatening side effect is lactic acidosis (a build up of lactic acid in the blood) that can occur due to accumulation of metformin, particularly if you are taking high doses of metformin above 2000mg per day, have kidney problems, drink excessive amounts of alcohol, are elderly.
When should Glyciphage not be used?
You should not use Glyciphage if you:
- are allergic to metformin or any other biguanide or any ingredients in Glyciphage tablets 850mg
- are pregnant or are breastfeeding without discussion with your doctor
- have liver or kidney disease
- have a conditions affecting renal function, like dehydration, severe infection or shock
- have diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic precoma
- have acute or chronic disease which may cause tissue hypoxia such as heart failure, recent myocardial infarction, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, shock, acute significant blood loss, sepsis, gangrene, pancreatitis
- have a history of lactic acidosis
- have a problem with alcohol
- are taking medications that may interact with Glyciphage tablets 850mg including: cimetidine for reflux and ulcers, medications for high blood pressure and heart conditions like nifedipine, beta-blockers, diuretics, other diabetes medications like sulfonylureas and repaglinide, corticosteroids such as prednisone, cortisone, anticoagulants
- undergoing radiological treatment with intravascular iodinated contrast agents which may lead to renal failure, resulting in metformin accumulation and a risk of lactic acidosis
What medications interact with Glyciphage
Several medications interact with Glyciphage and should either not be taken while you are taking Glyciphage or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:
- Drugs that interact with Glyciphage to increase side effects: other diabetes medications like sulfonylureas and repaglinide, ACE inhibitors for high blood pressure, corticosteroids such as prednisone, cortisone
- Drugs that affect Glyciphage: cimetidine for reflux and ulcers, medications for high blood pressure and heart conditions like nifedipine, beta-blockers, diuretics , thyroid medicines
- Drugs that are affected by Glyciphage: anticoagulants
How should Glyciphage be taken?
You should take your Glyciphage tablets 850mg with a glass of water and with food. The dose you take and how often should be as recommended by your doctor. The usual starting dose is one tablet once, twice or 3 times daily during or immediately after a meal, to reduce stomach effects. You will have your blood sugar levels monitored and your dose may be adjusted after a few weeks, depending on how well your blood sugar levels are controlled. You should continue to take your Metformin tablets 500mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for long periods.
How long should you take Glyciphage?
You should continue to take your Glyciphage tablets 850mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for long periods.
Missed dose of Glyciphage
If you miss a dose of Glyciphage take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should Glyciphage be stored?
You should store your Glyciphage tablets 850mg below 25°C in a cool dry place out of direct sunlight.
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